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QL | 643).> Geological Survev of Mein Zealand. — 4 y MJ ‘ Qo- ) er, f f | (2 oh ~ A iy ff rs v, LH yy g uf gf fj | Nao /Lealand; Geologicar oe Hh Bids CATALOGUE
oi SONTAN
JAN 2 6 1983 LIBRARIES
OF THE
BIRDS /OF NEW ZEALAND,
WITH
DIAGNOSES OF THE SPECIES.
BY
FREDERICK WOLLASTON HUTTON, F.G.S,
ASSISTANT GEOLOGIST,
PUBLISHED BY COMMAND.
NEW ZEALAND. JAMES HUGHES, PRINTER, LAMBTON QUAY, WELLINGTON.
: itera a i L/ | a
he MAL, ct
oN) aN movi
A
CON TiN Ts.
PAGE Addenda et Corrigenda ‘ ; : d iv. Introduction j ; : : We Bibliography a ; : : : vill. Analytical Key to the Families. : : PA Birps oF NEw ZEALAND— Order I.—Accipitres : : : 1 Order IT.—Passeres 9 : = hate Order III.—Scansores ; ; : 18 Order IV.—Columbze : ; “pee Order V.—Gallinze : : : 22 Order VI.—Struthiones ; : os ee Order VII.—Gralle , : é 24 Order VIII.—Anseres : : > oo Brrps INTRODUCED BY EUROPEAN SETTLERS— Order_IT.—Passeres : ; : 5d Order IIT.—Scansores F : . 63 Order IV.—Columbe : ; : 64 Order V.—Galline . ‘ , | GE Order VIII.—Anseres : : : 68 Critical Notes : : : 5 Be Modern Arrangement of Genera ; : : 82
Index to English and Maori Names : ‘ ‘03
ADDENDA ET €ORRIGEN DA:
No. 11.—Prosthemadera Nove Zealandie. Por, <“ Gray” reads “Gm.” No. 13.—Anthornis melanura. Egg.—Ovoid ; white, with reddish specks, sometimes pinkish ; length, ‘9; breadth, ‘7. No. 14.—Zosterops lateralis. Egg.—Ovoid ; blue; length, *7; breadth, ‘5. Nos. 25 and 26.—For ‘‘Greygone” read ‘‘ Gerygone.” No. 33.—Anthus Nove Zealandie. Albino varieties occasionally occur. No. 438.—Aplonis Zealandicus. For ‘‘Gray” read ‘‘ Quoy and Gaim.” This bird was obtained by the ‘ Astrolabe’ expedition. Page 32.—After Coturnix, for ‘‘ Quail” read ‘‘ Mcehr.” ay For ‘‘ Apterygine” read ‘‘ Apterygida.” No. 58.—Apteryx Australis. Albino varieties occasionally occur. No. 63.—Charadrius obscurus. Found in both Islands. No. 76.—Limosa uropygialis. For ‘‘Goodwit” read ‘‘Godwit.” No. 95.—Dendrocygna ELytoni. Dele ‘‘ and breast” in description. No. 99.—Anas superciliosa. In description, for ‘‘ bauds” read ‘‘bands.” No. 107.—Lestris parasiticus. This specimen was obtained at Wanganui. No. 109.—Larus scopulinus. In description, after ‘‘in the young bird” put a semicolon. No. 124.—For ‘‘ Haladroma” read ‘‘ Halodroma.” No. 128.—For ‘‘ Grey” read ‘‘Gray.” - No. 150.—For ‘‘ Grey” read ‘‘ Gray.” No. 151.—Add, as a synonym, ‘‘G. stictocephalus. Gray.” Page 69.—At the end of the lst of Domesticated Birds, add GoosE. <Anser ferus. Temm., Duck. Anas boschas. L. Page 76.—Line 11 from bottom, for ‘‘ their” read ‘‘ this.”
TON ER Oye U Cur ON.
Tus Catalogue has been prepared by direction of Dr. Hector, with the view of enabling naturalists in New Zealand to name correctly any bird whose habits they may have noticed, and so render their observations useful to science. It has been drawn up chiefly from the collection of birds purchased from Mr. Buller for the Colonial Museum, which contains type specimens of all his new species, except Gerygone assimilis and. Creadion cinereus ; but, in addition, I have examined all the public Museums in the Colony, and by these means have been able to see personally 143 out of the 160 species here described.
To make it as complete as possible, a catalogue of the birds that have been introduced into the Colony has also been added. This has been compiled from the reports of the various Acclimatisation Socicties in New Zealand, and from personal visits to all their gardens. By far the greater part of the birds [ have myself seen, but the Jackdaw, Cuil Bunting, Reed Bunting, Bulltinch, Tree Sparrow, Red-pole, Diamond Sparrow, Zurnix varius, and three Pigeons, are included from descrip- tions only.
The principal object of this part of the list 1s to enable country resi- dents to give us accounts of the diffusion of introduced birds in their districts, and, with this in view, I hope that the Secretaries of the Acclimatisation Societies will publish more complete and detailed accounts of the progress made in acclimatisation.
Birds of doubtful authenticity as natives are marked with an asterisk (*), and a note of interrogation (?) is placed before those species which appear to me to be of doubtful value, and these doubtful species, in all cases, follow immediately after the one with which they will perhaps have to be united.
Those species represented in the Colonial Museum are marked C.M., whilst O.M. means that the species described is in the Otago Museum, Cy.M. in the Canterbury Museum, A.M. in the Auckland Museum, and N.M. in the Nelson Museum.
V1. INTRODUCTION.
All measurements are in inches and decimal parts of an inch. L. means the length from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail; B. means the length of the bill, from the tip to the gape; W. means the length of the wing, from the flexure, or carpal joint, to the point (in the Penguins the whole length of the wing); T. means the length of the tarsus, or lower part of the leg.
I have only given as synonyms those names under which the birds appear, either in Mr. G. R. Gray’s list of the Birds of New Zealand, published in the “ Ibis” for 1862, or in the “Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,” for I have thought it neither necessary nor desirable to quote from other authors a quantity of synonyms which I am not in a position to verify. Of the 160 species here described probably ten have not really been found in New Zealand, thus leaving about 150 species of true native birds. It will be noticed that eleven species of undoubted New Zealand birds have been added since the publication of the Catalogue of the Colonial Museum last year, and the list given by Dr. O. Finsch in the “Journal fiir Ornithologie,” 1870; these are— Colluricincla concinna, Tringa canutus, Dendrocygna Hytoni, Diomedea culminata, Thalassidroma marina, Puffinus tristis, Procellaria atlantica, Procellaria cinerea, Lestris parasiticus, Larus Jameson, and LHydro- chelidon lewcoptera. It will, however, give a very erroneous idea of the state of our knowledge of the avi-fauna of this country, if it is supposed that all these birds have been discovered during the last twelve months, for, on the contrary, one only (Dendrocygna Kytont) can be considered as an addition during that time, all the others having been either pre- viously represented in our Museums, or known to be common off our coasts, but were either not recognised as new, or, if recognised, had not been identified. JI am, however, convinced that several more have yet to be discovered. The small Owl, mentioned by Mr. Ellman and others ; the Zosterops, with the red or orange head and throat, mentioned by Archdeacon Stock (“ Trans. N.Z. Inst.,” vol. IIL, p. 23, note) ; the blue- crested Gerygone? mentioned by the Rev. R. Taylor (‘Te ika a Maui,” 2nd ed., p. 615) ; the Tui, with red neck-feathers, said by the Maoris to inhabit Cuvier’s Island (‘“Tbis,” 1863, p. 244); the Pigeon, with a white-crested head, mentioned by Mr. P. Earl as having been seen near the Molyneux River (‘‘ Voy. ‘ Erebus’ and ‘ Terror,’” Birds, p. 10) ; the Duck, with red on the wings, mentioned by Mr. H. Travers as occurring at the Chatham Islands (“ Trans. N.Z. Inst.,” vol. L, p. 178); and the White Tern, seen by Mr. Potts (“ Trans. N.Z. Inst.,” vol. IIT., p. 106),
INTRODUCTION. Vil.
have all yet to be obtained, and probably four or five other perching birds and Petrels still remain to be discovered.
The least satisfactory part of this Catalogue is, I am afraid, the geographical distribution of the genera and species, for such information is difficult to obtain in a Colony. The nomenclature of the species, except in one or two doubtful cases, such as Larus Jamesoni, will, I trust, be found to be tolerably correct ; but for this I, in common. with all naturalists in New Zealand, am deeply indebted to Dr. O. Finsch, without whose labors it would have been impossible, out here, to have corrected many of the mistakes which have gradually crept into our list of Native Birds.
F. W. HUTTON.
Colonial Museum, September, 1871.
BIBL1LOG RAL EY:
Bartlett. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1850. Bonaparte.—Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1854. Bruch.—Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1853. Buller.—Essay on the Ornithology of New Zealand, 1865. - Ibis, 1869. A Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, vols. I., I1., and IIT. Cassin.—United States Exploring Expedition, 1858. Coues.—Proceedings of the Academy of Philadelphia, 1864 and 1866. Dieffenbach.—New Zealand, 1843. Dubus.—Bulletin d’Académie des Sciences. Bruxelles, VI. “3 Esquisses Ornithologiques. ' Hllman.—Zoologist, 1861, (Ibis, 1861). Finsch.—Monograph of the Parrots, 1867-68. ~ Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1867, (Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. I.) and 1870. a Ibis, 1869, (Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. IT.) Finsch and Hartlaub.—Birds of Central Polynesia, 1867. Forster.—Drawings in the British Museum, 1777. Gmelin.—Systema Nature Linnei, 1788. Gould.—Hand-book of the Birds of Australia, 1865. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1837-40-41-46-56. af Transactions of the Zoological Society, 1852. ss Annals and Magazine of Natural History, XIV. Gray.— Voyage of the Erebus and Terror. Zoology, 1844. Dieffenbach’s New Zealand, vol. II., 1843. Es Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1843-44. an Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1847. He Ibis, 1862. Haast.—Report on the Western District of the Province of Nelson, 1861, (Ibis, 1862) oe Natural History Review, vol. I, 1861. = Report on the Head Waters of the Rakaia, 1866. ss Ibis, 1864. Py Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1868. Harting.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1869. ns This, 1869. Hartiaub.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1869. Hector.—Otago Provincial Government Gazette, November 5, 1863. Hochstetter.—New Zealand, 1867. Hombron and Jacquemot.—Voyage au Pole Sud. Zoology. es a Annals des Sciences Naturelles, 1841, XIV. Hutton.—Ibis, 1865-69-70. i Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, vols. I., II., and III. Kaup.—lIsis, 1847. Lafresnaye.—Revue Zoologique, 1859 40-41-42, Latham.—General Synopsis of Birds, 1792.
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1X,
Layard.—ITbis, 1863.
ie Birds of South Africa, 1867. Lesson and Garnot.—Voyage of the Coquille. Zoology, 1826. Linneus.—Systema Nature, edited by Turton, 1806. Mackay, D.—Ibis, 1867. MacLeay.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1835. Mantell.—Transactions of the Zoological Society, IV., 1852. Newton.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1870. Owen. —Transactions of the Zoological Society, III., 1851. Parkinson.—Drawings in the British Museum, 1770. Peale.—United States Exploring Expedition, 1848. Pelzeln.— Voyage of the Novara. Zoology, 1867. Transactions of the Royal Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna,
1867 Polack.—New Zealand, 1838. Potts.—Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, vols. II. and III. Purdie.—Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, vol. ITI. Quoy and Gaimard.—Voyage of the Astrolabe. Zoology, 1833. Ramsay.—Ibis, 1865. Sclater.—Nature, June, 1870, and January, 1871. Sclater and Hochstetter.—Natural History Review, 1861.
Report of the British Association, 1861.
in: —*s Nateiralist’s” Miscellany, 1813. Short.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1837. Smith.—Zoology of South ee 1840. Solander.—Manuscript Notes in the British Museum, 1820. Souancé.—Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1865. Strickland.—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, VII. Taylor.—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1866, (Ibis, 1866).
a Te ika a Maui, 1870. Temminck.—Manual @ Ornithologie, 1820. Thompson —Story of New Zealand, 1859. * oe W. T. L.—Journal of the Linnean Society, 1865.
Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, vol. ITT.
Travers, H. H.—Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, I. (Ibis, 1866). Vieillot—Encyclopédie Methodique. Ornithologie, 1823. Vigors.—King’s Voyage to Australia. Vigors and Horsfield.—Transactions of the Linnean Society, XV. Wagler.—Systema avium.
ms Monograph of the Parrots.
a Isis, 1882. Yate-—New Zealand, 1835. Yarrell.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1833. Ibis for 1868, p. 251 (incubation of Apteryx). Lists of the Birds in the New Zealand Exhibition, 1865. Jurors Reports and
Awards.
List of New Zealand Birds in the Catalogue of the Colonial Museum, 1870, Acclimatisation Society of Auckland, Reports for 1868 to 1871. Canterbury, a 1864 to 1870. Otago, ps 1865 to 1870.
39
99 99
9 9
bo
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE PAMIEIBS. [Adapted to the New Zealand Genera. |
Tus Key is intended to help beginners in naming a bird, by directing them to the family to which it belongs. To use it, begin at | on the left hand, and then follow to the number indicated on the descriptive line,
that answers to the specimen under examination. 18
Toes, united by a membrane F Columbidae, P. 38
Toes, margined with a broad membrane
Toes, free, without a membrane 2
\ Toes, three before and one behind 3
2 Toes, _two before and two behind ei sit bee Toes, ‘three before and none behind _ ... fee Charadiade,* p. 24
3 5 Hind toe on the same level as the others 4 ay Hind toe elevated above the others 15
4 Bill, hooked ; claws, very sharp 5 Bill, straight, or curved : ; claws, moderate, or blunt ali’ 1
5 { Legs, naked ns .. Falconide, p. 1 ( Legs, feathered ... Strigide, p. 2
g | Legs, very short 7 Legs, moderate, or long ee So ae
"i Bill, short and weak se se jee Hirundinide, p. 3 Bill, long and strong us Alcedinide, p. 3
{ Bill, strong and conical : a bes 52 at eae
8 Bill, soft, swollen at the base ee As Columbide, p. 21 ( Bill, weak, or curved : se ee se aye i
9 { Bill, long, straight 10 Bill, short, very strong ait -@ AL
af S
10 \ Legs and neck, very long ... Ardeide, p. 26 | Legs and neck, moderate Sturnide, p. 16
ie Nostrils exposed . Lanide, p. 15 Nostrils covered by projecting feathers | ie ... Corvide, p. 16
i) Nostrils covered by a scale M ... Turdide, p. 13 12 Tongue, with a brush, or fringe, at fe tip 13 Tongue, smooth at the tip ae 14.
13 Tongue, extensile es sii bi Meliphagide, p. 4 Tongue, not extensile ve an . Upupide, p. 4
\ Bill, broad at the base, surrounded with bristles .. Minwee nae p. 14 14 Bill, slender ; nostrils, exposed af ... Lucinide, p. 9 ( Bill, slender ; nostrils, covered by a scale re ...Certhiade, p. 7 15 } Bar long a ee ab cs Sa do GEG Bill, short a a bat se Tetraonide, p. 22 Wings, long, and pointed . Be Es Scolopacide,* p. 28
16 { Wings, short, and rounded — ta it ... Rallide, p. 31 Wings, obsolete s es Apterygide, p. 22
17 Three front toes connected ; tee toe, on or none bas Ma Hoge All four toes connected... ses 1 ae Pelecanide, p. 49
18 Wings, long and pointed “ise as bh ee ee Wing feathers, rudimentary bad Le Ptilopteri, p. 52
19 Bill, broad and flat Ss sas ay. . Anatide, 2 30 Bill, as high as broad ee bes vy ae 20
20 Nostrils, exposed oi oe ~~ Tee p- 39 Nostrils, in tubes Se seis ma Procellaride, p. 43
2] Bill, hooked ; base, with a cere si Le Psittacide, p. 18 Bill, shightly “curved ue a Ses ...Cuculide, p. 20
* « Strepsilas ” has a hind toe, ‘‘ Himantopus” has none.
Order I.—ACCIPITRES.—Birds of Prey.
Bill, hooked ; feet, strong, three toes in front and one behind, all armed
with strong sharp claws which are more or less retractile.
FALCONIDA. Hawks.
Bill partly covered by a cere ; wings long and pointed ; legs naked.
HIERACIDEA. Could. Upper mandible with a sharp tooth, third quill the longest. Australia New Zealand, and Auckland Islands.
1. HIEFRACIDEA NOVA ZEALANDIA. Lath. C.M. Quail Hawk. Sparrow Hawk. Kaiaia.
H. Brunnea Goup.
ABovE, brownish black ; below, rufous brown spotted with rufous white ; chin and throat white, streaked with dark brown; thighs, rufous streaked with brown. When very old the upper parts are banded with rufous, and the breast is rufous with brown streaks. Mighe. 1. VAD TG Nes BOs ars, le eo Kemale=—L., 15=20 3. Wy TiShilsy BL. 2508 2.202) for
Very variable in size, but a large male can be distinguished from a small female by its more slender legs, which are *6 of an inch in circum- ference in the male, and ‘88 of an inch in the female. Occasionally the abdomen and thighs are rufous white. Egg.—Oval, yellowish white, mottled all over with rich reddish brown ; length 2, and breadth 1.5 inch.
Both Islands and the Auckland Islands.
Crrous Lacep. Upper mandible festooned ; third and fourth quills nearly equal and
longest ; legs, slender. Spread over the whole world. A
2 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
2. CIRCUS ASSIMILIS. Jard. C.M. Harrier. Kahu. C. Gouldi, Bp. ABOVE, brown, varied with rufous ; over the tail, white with a rufous bar near the tip of each feather; tail, silver grey with brown bars ; under parts, rufous white with reddish brown stripes on the breast. Cere, bluish ; irides, yellow. Young.—Dark brown above, varied with white on the back of the neck ; below, reddish brown ; thighs, rufous ; cere, yellow ; irides, hazel. An albino variety is in the Nelson museum. Wigie— da. 21> W., 165.B.,: 525° 0.,-3°4. Mice 2o ; W., 175 B. 1:3 3-45, 358. Egg.—Oval, white ; length 1-9, and breadth 1-5 inch.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Fiji, Celebes. STRIGIDA. Owl.s.
Base of the bill concealed by bristles ; eyes surrounded by a dise of long
feathers ; plumage, soft; wings, rounded ; legs, feathered to the toes. ATHENE, Bove. FactrAu disc imperfect above the eyes ; third and fourth quills the longest ;
tarsi longer than the middle toe and claw.
The warmer parts of both hemispheres.
8. ATHENE ALBIFACIES. Gray. C.M. Laughing Owl. Laughing Jackass. Wekau. Browy, spotted with fulvous on the breast, and streaked with the same color on the back ; tail, barred with fulvous ; feathers on the legs, pale rufous white ; sometimes the greater part of the facial disc is white. Oey Wie tales: si) 184 ea 3, South Island, and Little Barrier Island ?
4. ATHENE NOV ZEALANDIAZA, Gumi. C.M. More-pork. Ruru.
ABovE, brown, spotted with fulvous ; below, rufous streaked with brown, and spotted with white on the abdomen ; feathers on the legs, rufous. Herel ee WesCo tO ods al "Os Both Islands.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. a
Order Il.—P ASS ERES .—Perching Birds.
Bill, straight, or curved ; legs, moderate ; toes, three before and one
behind ; claus, curved, moderate.
HIRUNDINIDA. Swattows.
Bul, short, very wide at the gape ; wings, long and narrow ; tail, forked ;
Jeet, weak.
Hirunpo, L.
Brix, flattened ; first quill the longest ; tarsi, naked, shorter than the middle toe. Spread over the whole world.
5. HIRUNDO NIGRICANS. Vieill. O0.M.
Heap, and back, blue-black; wings and tail, dark brown ; forehead, ferruginous ; below and over the tail, rufous white. bed) 5 WA eB ae le As el 2.
An occasional visitant. Australia and Tasmania.
ALCEDINIDA. KINGFISHERS. Biil, long, straight, and broad at the base; wings and tail, rounded ; Jeet, weak. Hatcyon, Swains. First quill, long; second, the longest ; outer toe united to the third
joint, and the inner to the second joint, of the middle toe. Asia, Africa, Australia, and Polynesia.
6. HALCYON SANCTUS. Vig. and Horsf. C.M. Kingfisher. Kotare.
Hf, vagans, LESS.
Top of head and upper part of back, dark green ; lower back, bright greenish blue ; wings and tail, dark blue ; under parts, and a broad
collar round the neck, buffy white.
4 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Young.—Above, dark brown, with a few white feathers on the back of the neck ; wing coverts tipped with buff, and and some of the breast feathers slightly margined with brown.
i 0-72 WW. 450B., 2:25; T., 6. Egg.—Oval, white ; length, 1:15 ; breadth, °9.
Both Islands, Norfolk Island, and Australia.
7. *HALCYON CINNAMONIMUS. Swains.
DeticatTe fawn color, with the back, wings, and tail blue green, and a narrow black collar on the neck.
Ho elO 57 W.5.4 3B. 2°9:
New Guinea, and the Ladrone Islands,
UPUPIDA. Hooposs.
Bill, long, curved, entire at the tip ; wings, long, rounded ; legs, strong ; hind toe, long.
HETERALOCHA, Gray.
Brit, acutely pointed ; fifth, sixth, and seventh quills equal, and longest ; tarsi, much longer than the middle toe ; hind toe about one half the length of the tarsus ; tongue, not extensile, furnished with fibrille for one-third of its length from the tip.
New Zealand only.
8. HETERALOCHA GOULDI. Gray. C.M. Huia.
GREENISH black, with a band of white at the end of the tail; wattle, large, orange ; bill, white.
Moke 1. 19-256 We 83, By 2:35 Ts, 32.
Hemoe—la, 21:52 W., 83: B., 4:33 2,32. South part of the North Island.
MELIPHAGIDA. Honey-EaTERSs.
Bill, rather long, and curved ; nostrils covered by a membranous scale ;
tongue, extensile, furnished at the tip with a bunch of filaments ; tarsi, rather short ; hind toe, long.
AntHocHa&RA, Vig. and Horsf.
Tarsi, as long as middle toe; fifth and sixth quills equal, and longest ;
ee nee ed
—
Cr
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
tail, long and graduated.
Australia.
9. * ANTHOCHZRA CARUNCULATA. Lath. C.M. Mimus carunculatus. Bur.
ABove, greyish brown ; neck and breast tinged with fulvous ; abdomen washed with yellow.
es Wi Gs eb, Egg.—Reddish buff, thickly dotted with chestnut and brown, and marked with blackish grey beneath the surface; length, 1:25; breadth, -87. (Gould).
Said to have been killed at Matakana. Inhabits Australia.
PoGonornis. Gray.
Fourts and fifth quills equal, and longest ; second, similar in shape to third ; tail, emarginate.
New Zealand only.
10. POGONORNIS CINCTA. Dubus. C.M. Stitch Bird. fhi.
Heap and neck black, with a tuft of white feathers behind each ear ; breast, and some of the wing coverts, bright yellow; a white band on the wings ; abdomen, brownish white. Female.—Brown, with a white band on the wings.
Eis fas Wa 4 Deion els she Egg.—Ovoid, yellow white, thickly spotted all over with rufous ; length, ‘75; breadth, °6.
North Island only. PRosTHEMADERA. Vig. and Horsf.
FirtH and sixth quills nearly equal, and longest ; the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, notched in the middle of the inner web; tail, long, rounded. New Zealand and the Auckland Islands.
11. PROSTHEMADERA NOVA ZEALANDIA. Gray. C.M. Parson Bird. Tui.
B.uIsH or greenish black, with white streaks on the back of the neck,
and a white spot on each wing; throat ornamented with two tufts of white curly feathers.
TOO. Wey Gro ke eae Toke d
6 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Albino varieties occasionally occnr. Egg.—Ovoid, often elongated, white, or pale pink, spotted with rufous brown, principally towards the larger end ; length, 1:2 to 1-45 ; breadth, °8. Both Islands, and the Chatham Islands.
ANTHORNIS. Swainson.
First quill, short and pointed, second, deeply notched near the tip in the adult, acutely pointed in the young, fifth, the longest ; tail, emar- ginate.
New Zealand and Chatham Islands.
12. ANTHORNIS MELANOCEPHALA. Gray. C.M.
A. auriocula. BUuLuER.
YELLOWISH olive ; head, steel black ; neck, breast, and upper tail coverts tinged with black.
Heise ora W., 4:05 2B ateled. Ad:
Chatham Islands only.
13. ANTHORNIS MELANURA. Sparrm. C.M. Bell-bird. Mocker. Korimoko. Moko-moko.
A. ruficeps. PELZ.
YELLOWISH olivaceous; head tinged with steel black ; wings and tail brownish black. Female.—Brownish olivaceous ; wings and tail, brown; a white line from the bill towards the side of the neck. eee his Wi, O10 b.; 305 UL ge. Minne OA. Wie 3:2): Ba see.
The head is sometimes stained rufous by the juices of plants.
Both Islands, and Auckland Islands.
Zosterors. Vig. and Horsf.
Brit, slightly curved ; third quill longest, first longer than fourth ; tail, emarginate ; eyes surrounded by a circle of white feathers. India, Africa, Australia, Fiji.
14. ZOSTEROPS LATERALIS. Lath. O.M. | White-eye. Wax-eye. Blight-bird. Tauhou.
Heap, and over the tail, bright olive ; back, dark grey ; throat, yellow ;
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
=~
abdomen, white ; flanks, rufous. The female is rather smaller than the male, and, in the young, the chin is light grey, and the white circle round the eye is absent.
ror Wis. 2 ota B.scor; lena 6:
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Australia, Tasmania,
CERTHIADA. CREEPERS.
Bill, slender, tip entire ; nostrils, small, partly covered by a membranous scale ; hind toe, long.
XENICUS. Gray.
Bitz, moderate ; third, fourth, and fifth quills nearly equal, and longest ; second, rather shorter than seventh ; legs and feet, moderate, or strong ; tail, very short.
New Zealand only.
15. XENICUS STOKHESII. Gray. C.M. Green Wren. Stripe-faced Wren. Rifleman.
ABOVE, green; top of the head purplish brown ; chin, white ; breast, grey ; flanks and vent, greenish yellow ; a broad white streak from each nostril over each eye to the back of the head ; some of the wing coverts brownish black. Female.—Head and upper back, brown ; lower back, olive green ; below, grey ; flanks and vent, greenish yellow ; stripe over eye, as in male.
eg, As WE 23 BiG eile cle) hamedxelawan
South Island.
16. XENICUS LONGIPES. Gml. CY.M. Rock Wren.
ABOVE, green with a brown forehead ; throat, white; abdomen, grey ;
flanks, yellow ; some of the wing coverts brownish black, a white spot
beneath, and a white lime over the eye, extending towards the back of
the head where it becomes yellow.
145 W. 2 By -62:'. 0 9°) Bind claw, *46: South Island. 17. XENICUS GILVIVENTRIS. Pelz. C.M. Rock Wren. A. Haasti, BULLER.
ABOVE, olive green, with the head and neck brownish ; below, fawn color ;
8 BIRDS OF NEW REALAND.
flanks and vent tinted with yellow, some of the wing coverts brownish black ;a few white feathers under the eye, and a white line above it extending towards the back of the head.
In the female the upper part of the back is brown.
iio Wie 3) By 6b; T:, °9.; Hind claw, oa;
South Island.
AcantuisiTta. Lafr.
Bit, long, slender, inclining slightly upwards ; third, fourth and fifth quills nearly equal and longest, second rather longer than seventh ; slender ; tail, short.
tarsi long,
New Zealand only.
18. ACANTHISITTA CHLORIS. Sparrm. C.M. Creeper. Titipounamu.
ABOVE, green, tinged with brown on the forehead ; wing feathers, dark brown edged with green, yellowish at base ; white line over the eye ; below, white, tinged with yellow on the flanks ; tail, black, with a yellowish white tip. | Female.—Brownish white, streaked with dark brown above, and white below.
Heese eto os. s..cO 3 Ts, asf. Egg.—Ovoid, white ; length, 6 ; breadth, °5.
Both Islands.
OrTHONYX. Temm.
Brix, short and strong for this family ; fifth and sixth quills equal and
os, much worn at the
longest, second much shorter than seventh ; tail, long,
end; tarsi longer than the middle toe.
Australia.
19. ORTHONYX OCHROCEPHALA. Gml. C.M. Canary. Yellow-head. Popokatea.
Heap, breast, and abdomen, yellow; back, yellowish brown ; tail, yellowish olivaceous ; wing feathers, brown, mostly edged with yellowish brown. GE WAV a ey doe Ok be. |, Ligg.—White, with small faint specks of red ; length, ‘9 ; breadth, °7. South Island only.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 9
20. ORTHONYX ALBICILLA. Less. C.M. White-head. Popokatea.
Heap, breast, and abdomen, brownish white; back and tail, brown ; wing feathers, dark brown. PED Oe e270 ss, Oo meele ie Lgg.—wW hite, faintly speckled with pink ; length, ‘9; breadth, -62. North Island only.
LUGINIDAL Wars.ers. Bill, straight and slender ; opening of nostrils exposed ; tarsi, slender. SPHENGACUS. Gray.
BILL, moderate, arched above ; wings, short, fourth and fifth quills equal and longest ; tail feathers, long and pointed, stiff, the barbs distant and unconnected. In the young the tail feathers are of the ordinary form.
Australia.
21. SPHENGACUS RUFESCENS. Buller. C.M.
ABOVE, wings and tail, rufous brown ; below, brownish white ; throat tinged with yellow ; a brownish white streak over the eye ; sides of the head marked with black.
is 8 ge Wis, 2° Batons I 2d,
Chatham Islands only.
22. SPHEN@ACUS PUNCTATUS. Quoy. and Gaim. CM Grass Bird. Matata.
Axove, yellow brown streaked with black; forehead, rufous, with a black streak in the middle of each feather ; below, white spotted with black, tinged with fulvous on the flanks and abdomen; tail, brown ; a brownish white streak from the nostrils over each eye.
Was, 675s Was, Zoo eB. ORE Gy
Vari ies ail ce ais in color. Egg.—Ovoid, white, speckled all over with violet and greyish ‘gale length, -8 ; breadth, °6.
Both Islands.
23. ?>SPHENGACUS FULVUS. Gray. CY.M.
Asove, bright fulvous streaked with black ; forehead, rufous ; below, B
10 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
white minutely dotted with black ; a white line from the nostrils over the eyes and enlarging beyond them on each side.
ie 46° B. 76.5, 0, "S80,
Subject to considerable variation in color.
South Island.
GERYGONE. Gould.
Bit, short and slender ; first quill short, the fourth the longest ; tail, long ; tarsi, longer than middle toe. Australia.
24. GERYGONE FLAVIVENTRIS. Gray. C.M. Grey Warbler. Riro-riro.
G. assimilis, BULLER. G. aucklandica, PEwz.
ABOVE, greyish olive ; throat and breast, grey ; abdomen, white, tinged with yellow on the vent ; tail, black, with a white spot near the tip of the lateral feathers.
20. IW 32 °294 B.D io Egg.—Ovoid, pinkish white, spotted with red, principally at the larger end, occasionally pure white ; length, ‘65; breadth, °5.
Both Islands.
25. GREYGONE IGATA. Quoy. and Gaim.
ABOVE, olive green, getting rufous near the tail; below, white, tinged with yellow ; tail, black, with a white lunate spot on each side ; circle of white round the eye.
hyo Ds
Tasman’s Bay, “ Voy. Astrolabe.” Auckland, “‘ Voy. Novara.” I have seen no specimens.
26. GREYGONE ALBOFRONTATA. Gray.
Apove, yellowish brown ; below, white, with a slight yellow tinge on the abdomen ; a white streak over the eye ; middle tail feathers, brown,
with a dark band near the tip; outer feathers, black, with a reddish white band.
Gromicko 5 Ts. 8. New Zealand. ( Dieffenbach.)
have seen no specimens.
— Oe
PP ——
————————
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. ll
Certuiparus. Lafr. Bitz, moderate; nostrils lunate ; fifth quill the longest; tail, long, rounded, slightly worn ; tarsi, longer than middle toe.
New Zealand only.
27. CERTHIPARUS NOV ZHEALANDILZ Gml. C.M.
Brown Creeper. Brown Linnet. Toitoi.
C. Maculicaudus. GRAY.
Heap, back, and tail reddish brown ; sides of the head, and nape, dark grey ; under surface, fawn ; lateral feathers of the tail with a broad brown spot.
OS SN oo BO elon CO ede sO, Lgg.—Ovoid, white, with grey and brown spots, which form a ring round the larger end ; length. ‘7 ; breadth, °6.
Both Islands.
PeTrRoica. Swains.
Bi11, rather short, broad at the base, and notched near the tip; first quill short, fifth the longest ; tarsi, as long as, or longer than, the middle toe ; bill surrounded with bristles.
Australia, Samoa Islands.
28. PETROICA MACROCHPHALA. Gml. C.M, Yellow-breasted Tit.
Heap, neck, and back jet black, with a white spot over the bill ; below, yellow, very bright on the breast, and getting gradually paler as it approaches the vent ; wings, brownish black, some of the primaries with a spot, and the secondaries with a band, of white ; tail, blackish brown, the three outer feathers with a band of white. Lemale.—Above, brown, with a small white spot over the bill ; throat, brownish white ; abdomen, yellow ; wings and tail like the male, but the white on the wings tinged with yellow.
The young birds of each sex are colored like the adults, but the tints are not so pure, and paler. Male. Li iO' Wiss8s NS anew ays Meant 2 Pemale.—L., 4°75 ; W., 2°85; B., 55; T., °85. Ligg.—White, with spots of purplish grey, often forming a ring near the
larger end ; length, ‘75; breadth, °6. South Island, Chatham Islands ?
12 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
29. PETROICA DIEFFENBACHII. Gray. C.M. Yellow-breasted Tit. Negirungiru.
Lixs the last, but the yellow on the breast paler. lees We, 2755 Bs -d 3 TL, “83: South Island and Auckland Islands?
80. PETROICA TOI-TOI. Less. C.M. Pied-tit. Miro-miro. Lixe the last, but with less white on the quills, and pure white on the breast and abdomen. He ew NV 2, 2 Os By 96 3 Leon Lgg.—W hite, speckled with brownish grey ; length, ‘78 ; breadth, °59. North Island.
31. PETROICA ALBIFRONS. Gml. C.M. Wood Robin,
BLACKISH grey, with a small white spot over the bill, and a broad band of yellowish white from the breast to the tail.
The young has very little white on the abdomen, and the spot over the bill is obscure.
ig ORNs, 4-3 5D.,, °85.5° Thy 1-5: figg.—Dull white, with greyish brown marks, principally at the larger end ; length, 1 ; breadth, -7.
South Island.
32. PETROICA LONGIPES. Less. C. M. Wood Robin. Totowai.
GReEYISH black, with a small white spot over the bill, and a broad band of pure white from the breast to the tail. Young.—Very little white on the abdomen, and frontal spot obscure. i o00r; W,, 3°75 3B. 75; 'T., 1°48. Egg.—Like P. albifrons. North Island.
Antuus. Becht.
Biut, slightly notched at the tip; first, second, and third quills equal, and longest ; tail, emarginate ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe ; lateral toes, equal ; hind claw, very long.
Found in most parts of the world.
ame =
an {2
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. ts
33. ANTHUS NOVA ZHEALANDIZA. Gm. C.M.
Ground Lark. Pihoihoi.
ABOVE, greyish brown ; below, white, with brown spots on the breast ; cheeks, white, with brown spots ; a blackish brown line through the eye ; outside tail feathers, white.
bee NN aorb ee (Bi afin bee le Kgg.—Greyish white, speckled all over with greyish brown ; length, ‘8 ; breadth, -7.
Both Islands.
34. ANTHUS GRAYI. Bp.
ABovE, ferruginous, with longitudinal streaks of brown ; fore part of neck and breast, whitish brown ; abdomen, nearly white ; sides, thighs, and vent, ochraceous white ; a line from each nostril over each eye to the nape, white ; quills, deep brown, with grey margins.
Lei.
Queen Charlotte’s Sound (Forster. )
I have seen no specimens.
TURDIDA. Turusues. Bill, strong, notched near the tip ; nostrils generally protected by a scale.
Keropia, Cray.
B11, broad, arched, gape furnished with bristles ; wings, rounded ; tail, long ; tarsi, strong, longer than the middle toe.
New Zealand only.
35. KEROPIA CRASSIROSTRIS. Gml. C.M.
Thick-billed Thrush.
Turnagra crassirostris. GRAY.
ABOVE, olive brown ; below, olivaceous, streaked with white; tinged with ferruginous on the throat, and yellow on the abdomen; tail, and some of the wing coverts, ferruginous ; fifth and sixth quills equal, and longest.
ey OD. We, Ore, ih eae eg
South Island.
14 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
36. KEROPIA TANAGRA. Schleg. C.M. Thrush. Pio-pio.
Turnagra Hectort. BULLER.
Asgove, olive brown, marked with ferruginous on the top of the head and wing coverts ; throat, white ; breast, olivaceous grey ; abdomen, yellowish white; tail, ferruginous, fourth and fifth quills equal, and longest.
eile W.; o'2 BL 3 Welt:
South part of the North Island.
MUSCICAPIDA. FLy-cAaTcHERS.
Bill, weak, broad at the base, where it rs furnished with bristles ; legs, short and weak. Rurpipura. Vig. and Horsf.
First quill short, fourth and fifth longest ; tail, very long, fan-shaped ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe, hind toe long.
India, Australia, Samoa Islands.
87. *RHIPIDURA MOTACILLOIDES. Vig. et Horsf. } C.M.
Axove, black; throat, black, varied with white ; a white line over the eye ; upper part and sides of breast, black ; abdomen and under tail coverts, white; tail, black ; wings, brown; no white spot on wing * coverts.
eet W., oo > B63 5 TR ae tae:
Said to have been obtained in the Auckland Province; the late Mr. W. Swainson also told Mr. Buller that he had seen it near Wellington.
Australia.
88. RHIPIDURA FLABELLIFERA. Gml. C.M.
Pied Fantail. Piwakawaka.
Heap and neck, blackish grey, with a white throat and eyebrows ; back, brown; breast and abdomen, yellowish rufous; two middle taii feathers, black, with white tips, outer ones white, intermediate, white, with the outer webs partly black, the shafts all white.
Dee: os Boson, 8 5 Tailso15.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 15
Egg.—White, with brownish grey spots towards the larger end ; length ‘7 ; breadth -5. Both Islands.
39. RHIPIDURA TRISTIS, Hombr et Jacq. » CEM
Black Fantail. Tiwakawaka.
R. melanura. Gray. Rh. fuliginosa. Sparro.
Heap and neck, greyish black; back, breast, and abdomen, dark olivaceous brown ; quills, dark brown ; tail "black ; a white spot over each ear. The white spot is sometimes absent.
fe 02 Ot WN OS cea se atl a5 o.
Lgg.—Same as flabellifera.
South Island, Chatham Islands.
LANITDAL Surixes.
Bill, rather long, straight, arched above, sides compressed at the tip, which ws emarginated, and generally hooked ; tail, long ; tarsi, strong ; toes, moderate ; hind toe broadly padded beneath.
CoLLuricincia. Vig. et Horsf.
BILL, strong, broad at the base; nostrils, lateral, large, and rounded, partly covered by projecting feathers; wings, pointed ; first feather short, third the longest, fourth and fifth longer than second ; tail, slightly emarginated, and rounded on the sides; tarsus rather longer than the middle toe ; outer toe longer than the inner one.
Australia.
40. COLLURICINCLA CONCINNA. N.S. N.M. Shrike Thrush.
Licut ash grey ; abdomen and lower tail coverts, white ; a broad band of black from the bill through the eye ; middle tail feathers dark grey, lateral ones brownish black, tipped with white ; quills, brownish black, edged with white ; bill and legs, black.
Tar NS bee WW Ae OB) Lomb ay chs):
Shot at Motueka, near Nelson.
16 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
CORVIDA. Crows.
Bill, strong, more or less conical, base covered with projecting feathers ;
legs and feet, strong. GLavucopis. Gm.
Brit, short, much arched ; tongue, plicate, quadrifid, fringed at the tip ; wings, rounded ; tail, long, graduated, each feather ending in a point ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe ; hind toe, long.
New Zealand only.
41. GLAUCOPIS CINEREA. Gml. C.M.
Orange-wattled Crow.
Calleas Wilsont. BuLuER.
Dark bluish grey, with the lower part of the back and abdomen tinged with rufous brown; a black line from the nostrils to the eye; chin, black ; tail, blackish at the tip; wattle, bicolor, point of attachment blue, the rest red or orange.
Rios WG oe: i heap,
Female.—Rather larger than the male.
South Island.
42. GLAUCOPIS WILSONI. Bp. C.M. Blue-wattled Crow. Kokako.
Calleas cinerea. ButLLter and Hutton. Calleas olivascens. PELZz.
SIMILAR in color to the last, but the tail olivaceous black ; wattle, unicolor, varying from blne to orange ; in the female, the back, wings, and tail are brownish olive, and the wattle is smaller than in the male.
eto 20 * W., 6: B. 973M, 2:24
The female is larger than the male.
North Island.
STURNID. Srarwines. Bill, conical, pointed, straight, or slightly cwrved. APLONIS.
Bit, rather short, arched above ; first quill spurious, second nearly as long as third and fourth, which are longest ; tail, moderate, even ; tarsi, longer than middle toe ; hind toe, long, robust.
Australia and Pacific Islands.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. aby:
43. APLONIS ZHALANDICUS. Gray.
Outvaceous brown; under surface ashy, tinged with yellow ; quills, tertials, over the tail, and tail rufous, paler over the tail. e iD To Tasman’s Bay.
I have seen no specimens.
44. *APLONIS CALHEDONICUS. Bp. Aplonis obscurus. GRAY.
BrownisH grey; head, fore part of neck, and breast, blackish, tinged with deep green ; wings and tail, blackish brown ; abdomen, brownish asi.
67D.
I do not know on whose authority this bird has been added to our list ; 16 inhabits New Caledonia and Norfolk Island.
I have seen no specimens. CrEADION. JVieill.
BiL1, straight, longer than the head; wings, short, rounded, fourth to sixth feathers equal, and longest.
New Zealand only.
45. CREADION CARUNCULATUS. Gml. C.M:
Saddle-back. Tieke.
C. cinereus. BuLurr,
BLAcK, with the back and wing coverts ferruginous.
Young.—Brown, with the lower part of the back and vent more or less
ferruginous. OD: Sy Wu, oO et bro aac LG.
Lgg.—White, spotted with brownish grey and violet ; length, 1:15 ;
breadth, °9.
Both Islands.
18 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Order III.—SCANSORES.— Climbers.
Toes, two in front, and two behind.
PSITTACIDAL, Parrots. Bill, strong, hooked, base covered by a cere. STRINGOPS. Gray.
Britt, rather short, base covered by feathers, the shaft of each prolonged into a hair; lower mandible grooved longitudinally ; fifth quill the longest ; tail, rounded, the end of each feather pointed ; tarsi, short and strong.
New Zealand and Chatham Islands.
46. STRINGOPS HABROPTILUS. Gray. C.M.
Ground Parrot. Kakapo.
ABOVE, green, varied with brown; below, yellow green, varied with brown and yellow white.
eee ea . Lig Wosbee Tego:
Very variable in size. Lgg.—W hite ; length, 1:9 ; breadth, 1:4.
Both Islands, and Chatham Islands ?
47 *STRINGOPS. GREYI. Gray.
FEATHERS, white, banded with black, and with light blue margins and tips.
Locality unknown.
Puatycercus. Vigors.
Bitt, moderate ; second and third quills the longest, outer webs of
second, third, and fourth quills suddenly dilated near the base ; tail, long ; tarsi, shorter than middle toe.
Australia, New Guinea, Polynesia.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 19
438. PLATYCERCUS NOV ZHALANDIA. Sparrm, C.M.
Crimson-top Paroquet. Kakaiki. P. Forsterit. FINscH.
BrieuT green, with blue on the wings; forehead and top of the head, crimson.
lei Nee aes ise) SOs 8 deat “Oe Figg.—White, oval ; length, 1:1 ; breadth, °8.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, New Caledonia, Auckland Islands,
Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island.
49, PLATYCERCUS AURICHPS. Kuhl. C.M. Yellow-top Paroquet. Kakaiki.
P. alpinus. BULLER.
Bricur green, with blue on the wings; forehead, crimson ; top of the head, yellowish orange. Teo Wa dee Bs tO Ie iD. Egg.—Oval, white ; length, -9 ; breadth, ‘7. Both Islands, Auckland Islands. Nestor. Wag.
Brix, much lengthened and compressed, base of the lower mandible partly hidden by projecting feathers ; wings, long, rather pointed ; tail, mode- rate, even at the end; tip of the tongue, fringed.
New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Phillip Island.
50. NESTOR MERIDIONALIS. Gml. C.M. Brown Parrot. Kaka.
N. superbus. Butter. . montanus. BULLER.
OLIVE brown ; top of the head, grey ; abdomen, and over the tail, pur- plish red ; ears, yellowish ; at the back of the neck a ring of yellowish red ; third and fourth quills equal, and longest.
Te OO) Wee elles eve dueGcas Ie ake 2,
Varies much in size and color, sometimes entirely yellow and red ; albino varieties also occur. Hgg.—Ovoid, white ; length, 1°75 ; breadth, 1-25.
Both Islands.
20 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
51. NESTOR OCCIDENTALIS. Buller. C.M. Brown, with a grey forehead ; rest of the colors like the last ; cere, very small ; fourth quill the longest.
Heer on W.,.10:>: B., 1-659 Total.
West Coast of the South Island. e
52. * NESTOR ESSLINGI. Souance.
Srm1Lar to meridionalis, but with a broad, yellowish white band across the abdomen. Locality unknown.
538. NESTOR NOTABILIS. Gould. C.M. Mountain Parrot. Kea. BrownisH green, barred with black ; over the tail, reddish ; some blue .on the wings ; tail, green, with a black bar near the tip, feathers pointed, fourth quill the longest, third nearly equal to it, eres W.,, Los baht Geko, South Island. CUCULIDA. Cucxoos. Bili, moderate, or siender, slightly curved ; wings and tail, long. Eupynamis. Vig. and Horsf:
BIL1, strong, arched ; fourth quill the longest ; tail, very long,
Australia, Polynesia, Indian Archipelago, India.
54. EUDYNAMIS TAITIENSIS. Sparrm. C.M, Long-tailed Cuckoo. Koekoea,
ABoveE, brown, banded and streaked with rufcus ; below, white, with streaks of brownish black. Young.—Above, brown, spotted with fulvous white ; below, rufous white, streaked with dark brown,
He phOcoe VW... to: Bo. 1:8 eT eR
Migratory ; leaves New Zealand in the winter.
Both Islands, Friendly Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Fiji Islands, Samoa Island.
Curysococcyx. Bote. BIL., broad, curved ; third quill the longest ; tail, rounded ; tarsi, short, feathered below the knee. The warmer portions of the old world.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 21 55. CHRYSOCOCCYX LUCIDUS. Gml. C.M.
Shining Cuckoo. Whistler. Pipiuwaroa.
ABOVE, shining bronzy green ; below, white, barred with bronzy brown ; outer tail feathers barred with white, and the second with rufous. °
ee Us Woke neds bee oho
~
7 C ¢ wd fgg.—Brownish olive ; length, ‘73; breadth, ‘5. Migratory ; leaves New Zealand in the winter.
Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia, Java, Sumatra.
Order IV.—COLUMB 2 .—Pigeons.:
Bill, short, straight, curved at the tip; the base, soft and tumid.
COLUMBID.
Characters same as the Order. CarpoPpHaGAaA. Selby. BILL, moderate ; wings, pointed, third and fourth quills nearly equal and longest ; tail, lengthened ; tarsi, short, clothed with down below the
knee ; hind toe large. Polynesia, Indian Archipelago, China.
56. CARPOPHAGA NOVA ZEALANDLA. Gml. C.M. Wood-pigeon. Kuku.
ABOVE, coppery purple ; head, neck and breast, coppery green ; abdomen, white ; tail, greenish black ; feet, pink.
Aimar. Wo. LO Bed - 20x En 125.
Albino varieties occur sometimes.
Both Islands and the Chatham Islands.
29 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Order V.—G ALL IYN 7 Game Bird]
Legs, strong, sometimes armed with a spur; hind toe, more or less
developed, elevated from the ground.
TETRAONIDA.
Bill, broad at the base, arched ; tail, rounded.
CoTuRNIX. Quail.
Bri, short ; nostrils, covered by a scale; wings, moderate, first quill, long, second and third the longest; tail, very short, hidden by the coverts ; tarsi, short.
Warm and temperate parts of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.
57. COTURNIXi NOV4Ai ZEALANDIZA, Quoy.’et Gaim. C.M.
Native Quail. Koreke.
Buack, streaked with white, and varied with reddish brown on the back, spotted with white on the breast and abdomen ; throat and cheeks, rufous. Female.—Browner, and without the rufous on the cheeks and throat. ieee W105. 1B. 91-25% Wale Egg.—Oval, buff, splashed with. greenish brown; length, 1 breadth, °9. Both Islands.
‘D5,
Order VI—STRUTHIONES.
Wings, short, generally incapable of flight ; legs, strong.
APTERYGIN A.
Bill, lengthened, slender ; base, covered by along cere ; nostrils, near the tip: ApTEeRYX. Shaw.
Tarsi, about the length of the middle toe, very robust; lateral toes, equal ; hind toe, very short. New Zealand only.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 23
58. APTHRYX AUSTRALIS. Shaw. C.M, Kiwi. GREYISH brown, streaked with black ; feathers soft to the touch. eo Be Oras Wh nase), Very variable in size, and slightly so in color. Egg.—W hite, oval ; length, 5; breadth, 3:3. South Island, and Chatham Islands. (?)
59. APTHRYX MANTEHLLI. Bart. C.M. Brown Kiwi.
RuFovus, brown, streaked with black ; feathers, harsh to the touch. ee 2 Bs DD. see. Very variable in size.
Lgg.—White, oval ; length, 4:75 ; breadth, 3:25. North Island, Little Barrier Island.
60. APTERYX OWENI. Gould C.M. Grey Kiwi. GREY spotted with yellowish white ; feathers rather harsh to the touch. eels Bey Asai 2. Very variable in size, generally small. Lgg.—W hite, oval ; length, 4:35 ; breadth, 2°6. South Island.
61.2? APTHERYX MAXIMA. Verr. CY.M. Great Kiwi. Roa-roa.
GREY, spotted with reddish white ; feathers, soft to the touch. Mee eos ose once, eo oi,
South Island, in alpine regions.
fut BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Order VII.—G RA LL 4 .— Waders.
Lower portion of tibie, naked ; tarsi, lengthened and slender. 3 £) b) .
CHARADRIADA. PLtovers. Bill, short ; tip, strong and swollen ; hind toe, either absent or small and slender. CHarapDRivs. L. Bot mandibles grooved, that on the upper one extending for two- thirds of its length ; wings, long and pointed, first quill the longest ; hind toe wanting.
Spread over the whole world.
62. CHARADRIUS FULVUS. Gml. A.M.
Golden Plover.
CO. wanthocheilus. GOouLp.
Axove, blackish brown, spotted with yellow or yellowish white ; below, yellowish white (winter plumage).
eee WW. 6-7) > Bilal. late.
Both Islands, Australia, Polynesia. Indian Archipelago, Norfolk Island, Siberia, Kamscatka, 8. Africa.
638. CHARADRIUS OBSCURUS. Gml. C.M. Red-breasted Plover. Tuturiwata.
ABoveE, brown ; below, rufous ; forehead, chin and vent, white. In the winter the under parts are pure white with a band of brown on the breast.
MeO. 6:5 > B., Lay Eo 17, Egg.—Brownish yellow, spotted and blotched with black ; ovoid ; length, 1:75 ; breadth, 1-25.
64. CHARADRIUS BICINCTUS. Jard. C.M.
Dotterel. Pohowera.
ABOVE, greyish brown ; forehead, white, margined above and below with black ; a black line from the gape through the eye, down the side of the neck ; below, white, with a band of black on the breast, and another of chestnut on the upper abdomen.
Hee We foe Bato Ts, 2.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 25
Egg.—Greenish white, speckled with black ; length, 1°30 ; breadth, 1 ; ovoid, rather pointed.
Both Islands, Lord Howe’s Island. THINORNIS. Gray.
Brut, rather long; first and second quills nearly equal, and longest ; tarsi, not longer than the middle toe ; hind toe wanting. New Zealand, Auckland Islands.
65. THINORNIS NOVA ZHEALANDIZs. Gm. C.M.
Sand Plover. Kukuruatu.
AxBoveE, greyish brown, with the forehead, cheeks, throat, and a ring round the nape, black ; below, white ; bill, orange, with a black tip.
Ls 8 W., £75 B., ly D.-9; muddle toe, -75.
Both Islands.
a
ANARHYNCHUS. Quoy. et Gaim.
Bit, long, slender, curved to the right ; first and second quills equal, and longest ; tarsi, longer than middle toe, hind toe wanting.
New Zealand only.
66. ANARHYNCHUS FRONTALIS. Quoy. et Gaim. | C.M.
Crook-bill Plover.
Thinornis Rossii. [ Of the Otago Museum. |
ABovE, cinerous grey ; below, white, with a black band on the breast ; forehead, white ; quills, brown, with white shafts.
i 6so9: Wi De uBa lcd y, bel Egg.—Ovoid, pointed, greenish grey, minutely speckled all over with dark brown ; length, 1:4; breadth, 1.
Both Islands.
Srrepsinas. J/lliger.
Bix, not longer than the head, lateral margin of both mandibles turned upwards ; first quill, longest ; tarsi, as long as the middle toe; hind toe present. All parts of the world. D
26 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
67. STREPSILAS INTERPRES. L. C.M.
Turnstone.
Axsove, blackish brown; throat, abdomen, and over the tail, white ; breast, brownish black ; tail, white, with a broad brown bar near the tip ; bill, black ; legs, red ; shafts of the quills white (winter plumage). io 10. W., O10 > Bo bs yd. Egg.—Greyish olive, with brown spots (Temminck). Canterbury Province. Found all over the world.
Hamatorpus. JL.
Bit, longer than the head, rather concave upwards, much compressed at the tip ; first quill the longest ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe. The whole world.
68. HAMATOPUS LONGIROSTRIS. Vieill, C.M. Pied Oyster-catcher. Red-bill. Torea.
ABove, greenish black ; below, and over the tail, white ; bill and legs, crimson.
Ai 19-5 We Le Be loes Das2, Egg.—Pale yellow brown, spotted and blotched with brownish black ; length, 2:25 ; breadth, 1°6.
Both Islands, Australia, New Guinea, India, China.
69. HAAMATOPUS UNICOLOR. Forst. A.M. Black Oyster-catcher. Red-bill. Torea.
GREENISH black ; bill and legs, crimson. ies 9- W, 10:5°> Bi ash ILS. Both Islands.
ARDEIDA. Herons.
Bill, long strong, and acute ; wings rounded ; tail short; tarsi, long, rather slender ; hind toe on the same level as the others.
ARDEA. J.
Bit, straight, first quill nearly as long as the second and third ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe ; hind toe, long ; claw of middle toe, serrated. The whole world.
bo ~I
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
70. ARDEA ALBA. L. C.M. White Heron. Kotuku.
A. flavirostris. WaAGL.
Pure white ; skin on the side of the head,.greenish ; bill, yellow ; legs, black ; in the breeding season both sexes are ornamented with long white dorsal plumes.
NG Oe WE Ges BS en Gia 1 AG!
Variable in size.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America.
71. ARDEA NOVA HOLLANDIA. Lath. C.M,
BuiuisH GREY ; throat, forehead and over the eye, white ; breast, tinged with pink.
ies 255 W.;. 12) > B., 4 eso, £gg.—Pale bluish geeen ; length, 1:85 ; breadth, 1:25. (Gould.)
Both Islands, Australia, Tasmania.
72. ARDEA SACRA. Gml. C.M,
Blue Heron. Matuku.
A, Matook. GRay.
SLATE-GREY ; brownish on the wing coverts; chin and throat, white ; legs and feet, yellowish green.
M220 WW. LOD ss Bs o\h0 sp lego: Os Egg.—Pale greenish blue ; length, 1:9; breadth, 1-4.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Polynesia, India, Japan.
73. ARDEA PUSILLA. Vieill. C.M. Little Bittern.
Botaurus minutus. Haast. Ardeola Nove Zealandie. PuRDIE.
Back and quills, dark brown ; top of the head, greenish black ; front of the neck, buff, passing into chestnut towards the back of the neck, a stripe of chestnut streaked with brown, down the front of the neck ; wing coverts, buff, striped with dark brown; abdomen, buffy-white, streaked with grey. In the young the back is varied with rufous, and some of the primaries and secondaries are tipped with the same color.
1S 8 REN SR Aes Re Dp
South Island, Australia, Natal.
28 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
74. ARDEA POICEHELOPTERA. Wagl. C.M.
Bittern. Matukuhurepo.
Botaurus poicilopterus. GRAY.
BLACKISH brown, varied with buff. £96; W.; 12:25; B.; 3:25; T., 3°05. Fgg.—Brownish olive ; length, 2°17 ; breadth, 1:5. Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Australia, Tasmania.
Nycricorax. Stephens.
Bit, rather longer than the head, slightly arched ; tarsi, as long as the middle toe. All parts of the world.
75. NYCTICORAX CALEDONICUS. Lath. CM. Night Heron.
AxovE, pale rufous; below, white; top of the head, black, with two long white plumes. oe WV. LS Olas, Weg rots Fgg.—Pale green ; length, 2:6; breadth, 1:5. (Gould.) Both Islands, Australia, New Caledonia. SCOLOPACID At.
Bill, long, slender, grooved to the tip ; wings, long and pointed ; hind toe» short, or wanting. Limosa. Sriss.
Bit, inclined upwards towards the tip ; first quill the longest ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe ; outer toe united to the middle as far as the first joint by a membrane ; hind toe, rather long.
Spread over the whole world.
76. LIMOSA UROPYGIALIS. Gould. C.M.-
Goodwit. Curlew. Kuaka.
L. Nove Zealandic. GRAy.
Axove, greyish brown ; over the tail white, barred with brown; tail, white, barred with greyish brown; throat, brownish white, streaked with darker ; breast, rufous in spring, white in the autumn ; abdomen, white ; shafts of quills, white.
We efor WW 92O'25)s IB. 2°04 ae
Both Islands, Australia, Polynesia, China, Siberia.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 29
Recurvirostra. L.
Bri, long and slender, curved upwards ; tarsi, much longer than middle toe ; toes united by an indented web; hind toe, very short. All parts of the world.
77. RECURVIROSTRA RUBRICOLLIS. Temm. C.M.
Avocet.
HEAD, and upper part of the neck, chestnut ; middle of wings, quills and shoulders, black, remainder, white ; bill, black ; legs, blue; tail, pale ash.
Hes -0V es Woe Oe Bite ole a, OO.
South Island, Australia.
Himantopus. Briss.
Biz, much longer than the head, slender, straight ; tarsi, very long and slender ; toes, united at the base by a small membrane, hind toe wanting. All parts of the world.
78. HIMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHALUS. Gould. C.M. Pied Stilt. Poaka.
Back of the neck, back and wings, greenish black ; tail, ash ; remainder, including a band over the shoulders, white ; bill, black ; legs, red. In the young, the top of the head and the back of the neck are grey, mixed with white.
Peabo, Wow oOo sian 2° Or eden eee Egg.—Pyriform, pale yellow brown, spotted and blotched with umber and black, the black spots running together, and forming large patches on the thick end; length, 1:5; breadth, 1-23 (Ramsay).
Both Islands, Australia, India (?)
79. HIMANTOPUS NOVA ZEALANDIA. Gould. C.M. Pied Stilt. Poaka.
Top, and sides of the head, back of the neck and abdomen, black ; hack, wings and tail, greenish black, remainder, white ; bill, black ; legs, red. In the young, the whole of the head and neck is white, and the lateral tail feathers have the inner webs white, with black tips.
Meee INV Oe ous: a cO Osho.
30 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Fgg.—Yellowish brown, profusely marked with dark brown ; length, 1°85 ; breadth, 1-25. Both Islands,
80. HIMANTOPUS MELAS, Homb. et Jacq. C.M. Black Stilt.
Heap, neck and lower parts, dull black ; back and wings, greenish black ; tail, black ; forehead, cheeks and throat, grey. The young have the whole under surface, and over the tail, white ; the inner webs of the lateral tail feathers white, with black tips.
Hee to NV... 9-D.> BL. 2:3 Sh S08. Lgg.—Sunilar to that of Nove Zealandic.
Both Islands.
Tringa. JL.
Bit, rather longer than the head, stratght, rather dilated at the tip ; toes, margined on the sides by a membrane ; hind toe, small. All parts of the world.
81. TRINGA CANUTUS. L. C.M. Knot.
ABOVE, greyish brown, slightly streaked with brown ; below, white,
spotted with brown on the breast and throat ; upper tail coverts, white,
with circular bars of blackish brown ; quills, blackish brown, from the
fifth margined on the outer web with white ; tail, greyish brown ; shafts
_ of the quills and tail feathers white (winter plumage).
Hed oe W., 6°25 5 +B. 1°25 50. Yaa.
Both Islands, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, Europe, N. America.
GALLINAGO. Leach.
Bit, long ; first and second quills, equal ; tarsi, shorter than the middle toe ; hind toe elevated with a long claw. All parts of the world.
82. *GALLINAGO AUCKLANDICA. Gray.
ABoVE, fulvous, marked with black ; below, fulvous white, with brown markings on the breast ; a brown stripe from the nostrils under the eye to the back of the head, and another, in an oblique direction, on each cheek.
ano es es: Ago Bao eas
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. aL
I do not know on whose authority this species has been added to the list of New Zealand birds.
I have seen no specimens.
Auckland Islands.
83. GALLINAGO PUSILLA. Buller. C.M. Native Snipe.
ABOVE, rufous brown, spotted with black and fulvous; below, brownish white, spotted on the breast with brown ; a brownish white longitudinal line on the top of the head, and a brown line from the nostrils to the eye.
Oe Wey Ag Belch es Las hoe
Little Barrier Island, and Chatham Islands.
RALLIDA.
Bill, rather long, curved at the apex ; wings, moderate, or short, rounded ;
toes, long ; claws, short. Ocypromus. Wagl.
Bit, rather long and strong, slightly arched ; wings, very short, second- aries and coverts, lengthened ; tail, soft; tarsi, strong, shorter than the middle toe ; hind toe, short ; wings armed with a spur.
New Caledonia, Lord Howe’s Island.
84. OCYDROMUS AUSTRALIS. Sparrm. C.M.
Wood Hen. Weka.
YELLOWISH olivaceous, streaked with brownish black ; chin, cheeks, : throat and abdomen, grey ; breast, tinged with olivaceous ; quills, black
banded with bright ferruginous.
or Ws lo 5 Bt2°o §) 2.5252. Egg.—Pinkish white, with reddish and violet marks sparingly distributed over the surface ; length, 2°85 ; breadth, 1°65.
Varies much in color, sometimes olivaceous, sometimes fawn colored. Albino varities also occur.
South Island and Chatham Islands (*)
a2 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
85. OCYDROMUS EARLI. Gray. C.M,
Wood Hen. Weka.
BrownisH rufous, streaked with brownish black ; chin, cheeks, throat, and abdomen, grey ; breast, tinged with rufous; quills, black, margined on the outer, and irregularly banded on the inner web with reddish fulvous. Peo W., 13. B.-bib5) RR, 2a North Island.
86. OCYDROMUS FUSCUS. Dubus. Cc. M.
Black Wood Hen.
O. nigricans. BULLER. O. bracypterus. BULLER.
Buack, each feather margined with reddish brown ; throat, sides of the face and abdomen, dark grey ; quills, brownish black, with a few spots of reddish brown on the inner webs.
eC OW is Be 22 bee 25.
West Coast of South Island.
Rapiys, 0,
Bit, longer than the head ; wings, short, second and third quills the longest ; tail, short, rounded; tarsi, shorter than the middle toe ; toes, long, slender, free at the base ; hind toe, short.
All parts of the world.
87. RALLUS PECTORALIS. Less. C.M.
Striped Rail. Mohopereru.
R. assimilis. GRAY.
ABOVE, brownish olive, spotted with white ; breast, abdomen and sides, white, barred with black, and with an irregular band of buff on the breast ; throat and sides of the face, grey ; a line of rufous through the eye to to the nape; quills, dark brown banded with rufous.
eee Ao SW. 00,3 By. 10°: 'T, 1:5;
Very variable both in color and dimensions. Egg.—Cream color, spotted with dark and light chestnut and grey ; length, 1°5 ; breadth, 1-2.
Both Islands, Australia, Polynesia, Celebes, Phillipine Islands.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. ao
88. RALLUS DIEFFENBACHII. Gray.
LIKE pectoralis, but the back is banded with buff and black, and the under tail coverts are deep rufous, banded with black.
1h OO a al ee Des acne a
Chatham Islands.
ORTYGOMETRA. J.
Like fallus, but the bill shorter than the head. All parts of the world.
89. * ORTYGOMETRA CREX. L. C.M.
Rallus Featherston. ButEer.
ABove, reddish grey, marked with dark brown; throat white ; breast, sives of the head, anda line over the eye, grey ; sides and thighs, bright ferruginous, barred with white ; wings, rufous, pale chestnut at the flexure ; abdomen, yellowish.
Te eles WV 0D: 3 Bie cher ss Ab
The ferruginous on the thighs is brighter than European examples.
Said to have been killed near Nelson.
Europe, Asia, Cape of Good Hope, North America, Azores,
Bermudas.
90. ORTYGOMETRA AFFINIS. Gray. C.M. Spotted Rail. Koitareki.
ABOVE, brown, spotted with white and varied with black ; below, light grey ; sides, thighs, and abdomen, barred with black and white ; legs, feet, and bill, brownish green.
oe Wena oo 5. be. Fo ae et:
Both Islands.
91. *ORTYGOMETRA FLUMINEA. Gould. C.M.
ABOVE, brownish olive, spotted with white and varied with black on the back of the head; throat, breast, and upper abdomen, slate blue ; thighs and lower abdomen, black, barred with white ; under tail coverts, white.
Horo Ns i Oi Dn LD,
Suid to have been killed in the Province of Auckland. Australia, and Tasmania. E
34 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
92. ORTYGOMETRA TABUENSIS. Gml. C.M. Blue Rail.
SuaTE blue, brownish on the back ; under tail coverts, black, banded with white ; bill, black ; legs and feet, red.
Hero os. Wo, oo By (ors We, bole
Both Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Polynesia.
Norornis. Owen.
Bitz, strong, shorter than the head, much deeper than broad, arched, dilated on the forehead ; wings very short, rounded ; quills, soft, from the third to the seventh equal and longest ; tail, soft ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe ; hind toe, short.
New Zealand only.
93. NOTORNIS MANTELLI. Owen.
Dark purple, shaded with green on the back and wings ; under tail coverts, white ; bill and legs, red.
BESS) aaah ie Bo mal Oecd Ls eo
South Island.
Porpuyrio. Ariss.
Brit, short, elevated at the base, which is flat and dilated on the forehead ; second, third, and fourth quills nearly equal and longest ; tail, _short, rounded ; tarsi, shorter than the middle toe ; toes, very long, free at the base ; hind toe, long.
Warm and temperate climates all over the world.
94. PORPHYRIO MELANOTUS. Temm., O.M. Swamp Hen. Pukeko.
Axpove, deep black ; breast, indigo blue; abdomen, black ; under tail coverts, white; bill and legs, red. In the young, the feathers on the
back and wings are tipped with green, and those on the breast with buff.
eee. Wee tO): B.. Lo 5D. 3:6;
Albino varieties occur sometimes. Fgg.-—Gvreyish brown, with dots and blotches of grey and brownish violet ; length, 2:2; breadth, 1-5.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 35
Order VIJJ.—A NS E RES.—Swimmers.
Legs, short, and placed far back ; toes connected by a membrane. 6
ANATID. Bill, depressed, broad, laminated on the sides. Dernprocyena. Swains.
Bitt, higher at the base than broad ; wings, short, rounded, second to fourth, longest ; first, with a deep notch in the middle ; secondaries, nearly as long as the quills; middle toe protruding beyond the mem. brane ; hind toe, very long, elevated, simple.
India, Africa, South America, Australia, West Indies.
95. DENDROCYGNA EYTONI. Gould. C.M. Whistling Duck.
ABovE, dark brown ; sides of the head and neck, fawn color ; throat and breast, brownish white ; upper abdomen and flanks, ferruginous, barred with black ; lower abdomen, buffy white ; bill, black, banded with red ; legs and feet, flesh color.
Tos W.. 1G: Boze. 2,
River Thames, Auckland ; Otago ; Australia.
Casarca. Bp.
Brit, as long as the head, as wide as high at the base ; second quill the longest ; toes, long, full webbed, hind toe, elevated, lobed.
Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Tasmania.
96. CASARCA VARIEGATA. Gml. C.M. Paradise Duck. Putangitangi.
HEAD, neck, and breast, black ; back, black, pencilled with white ; abdomen, ferruginous, pencilled with black ; wing coverts, white. In the female the head and neck are white, and the breast is like the abdomen.
Meow abi Ba Die, 23, Egg.—White ; length, 2°75 ; breadth, 1°35.
Both Islands.
36 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
QUERQUEDULA. Steph.
Bit, as long as the head ; height, equal to the breadth at the base, of equal width throughout, lamelle, hardly visible; second quill, the longest ; secondaries, lengthened ; tail, wedge-shaped ; hind toe, short, slightly lobed.
All parts of the world.
97. QUERQUEDULA GIBBERIFRONS. S. Muller. C.M. Little Teal.
Anas gracilis. BULLER.
ABOVE, brown, with a white bar on the wing; throat, yellowish white ; abdomen, brownish fulvous, spotted with brown ; speculum, green. Os WetO s tbe 16.5 Ts, 1-25,
Both Islands, Australia, New Caledonia, Indian Archipelago.
Anas. JL. Bri, longer than the head, higher than broad at the base, of nearly equal breadth throughout ; first quill, the longest ; tertials lengthened ; tail, wedge-shaped ; hind toe, small, somewhat lobed. All parts of the world.
98. ANAS CHLOROTIS. Gray. C.M.
Red Teal. Pateke.
Nesonetta Aucklandica. [List of birds in the New Zealand Exhibition. |
ABOVE, greyish brown, varied with rufous; breast, rufous ; abdomen, yellowish brown, spotted with black ; speculum, greenish black, bordered above and below with rufous white ; circle of whitish feathers round the eye. Head of male tinged with green.
Peo. (6 3 B25 D., 1d.
Variable—sometimes with a white band on the fore part of the neck. Egg.—White ; length, 2-45 ; breadth, 1-85.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands.
99. ANAS SUPERCILIOSA. Gml. C.M.
Grey Duck. Parera.
GREYISH brown, varied with yellowish white ; eyebrows, cheeks, and upper part of neck, yellowish white, with two small bauds of blackish
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. uh
brown on the cheeks ; speculum, green, margined above and below with black.
Mee We, LOco 5b. 1D 3 Ts, 123) Egg.—W hite ; length, 2:5 ; breadth, 1:7.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Polynesia.
Ruyncwaspis. Steph.
Bitt, longer than the head, much dilated for half its length from the tip, lamella, long. Europe, Asia, North America, Australia.
100. RHYNCHASPIS VARIEGATA. Gould. C.M.
Shoveller. Tete. Spatula variegata. GRAY.
ABOVE, dark brown ; head and neck dark grey, with a white line near the bill; breast, brown, varied with rufous white; abdomen, dark rufous ; wing coverts, and a longitudinal stripe on the wings, ash grey. Female.—Brown.
Teal o SW OR ine aces Te. eo: fgg —Greenish white ; length, 2:1 ; breadth, 1:45.
Both Islands, Chatham Islands.
HYMENOLAIMUS. Gray.
Bit, as long as the head, furnished with a loose skin for half its length from the tip ; wings, short ; hind toe strongly lobed ; large callosities on the wing joint.
New Zealand only.
101, HYMENOLAIMUS MALACORHYNCHUS. Gml. C.M.
Blue, or Mountain Duck. Whio.
Axove, slate blue; below, the same, spotted with rufous, and varied with white ; bill, pinkish white.
aliedict Wise Sd. 5 Be 21,5 Leo. Ligg.—White ; length, 2:7 ; breadth, 1°75.
Both Islands.
38 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Fuuicuta. Steph.
Bint, nearly as long as the head, broader at the base than high ; first quill the longest; tarsi, half the length of the middle toe; hind toe deeply margined with a membranous web.
North regions of America, Europe, and Asia.
102. FULIGULA NOV4 ZEALANDIZ. Gml. C.M. Black Teal. Papango.
Azove, black ; abdomen, brownish white, darker on the vent ; speculum, white. Female.—Above, dull black ; below, brown, mottled with white ; a band of white round the upper mandible. Young (?)—Above, brown ; below, reddish brown.
Mer iGe Wis (70:5 by Lhe ty 2 Egg.—White ; length, 2:7 ; breadth, 1-7.
Both Islands.
Nyroca. Flem.
Brit, as long as the head, higher at the base than broad ; first and second quills equal, and longest ; rest as in Fuligula. Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, Australia.
108. NYROCA AUSTRALIS. Gould. C.M. White-winged Duck. Karakahia.
Heap and breast, dark rufous brown ; back and abdomen, brown ; lower breast and under tail coverts, white ; speculum, white.
eee We 00.) B., 2°25. 0.10.
Both Islands, Australia.
COLYMBIDA. DIvers.
Bill, long and straight ; tail, very short ; tarsi, short and flattened ; toes, long, the three anterior ones more or less united by a membrane ; hind toe,
short, membraned. Popicers. Lath.
Wines, short, pointed ; toes, long, murgined on the sides and united at
the base to the middle one ; hind toe, short, strongly lobed. All parts of the world.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND, 39
104. PODICEPS CRISTATUS. L. C.M. Crested Grebe.
P. Hectort. Burr.
ABove, brown ; below, white ; top of the head, black, with a double crest ; chin, white ; ruff on the neck, rufous, tipped with black ; shoulders, and a band on the wings, white.
i a ants (Oise aco Os L.. 2i 0a,
The neck and breast are occasionally tinted with rufous brown. figg.—At first greenish white, then yellow brown; length, 2:35 ; breadth, 1:6.
South Island, Australia, Europe, Asia, North America, South Africa.
105. PODICEPS RUFIPECTUS. Gray. C.M.
Dab-chick. Totokipio.
AxBovE, blackish brown, finely streaked with white on the head ; throat, brown ; breast, rufous ; abdomen, white.
fis TOs Wo 47 oe Bi ee ae, AeA:
Breast, sometimes clouded with dirty yellow. Lgg.—W hite ; length, 1:65 ; breadth, 1.
Both Islands.
-LARIDA. Gul Ls.
Bill, long, nostrils, lateral ; wings, long ; hind toe, short and elevated. ~
LESTRIS.
BILL, straight, hooked at the end, basal part covered with a cere ; tarsi, longer than the middle toe.
The colder parts of both hemispheres.
106. LESTRIS CATARRACTES. L. O.M.
Sea Hen. L. antarctica. GOULD.
Brown, finely streaked with pale yellow on the back of the neck ; back, wing and tail coverts varied with white ; basal half of the quills, white ; shafts, white.
aro Ws. 1s: Ba 2:20 51, 2"8;
40 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Egg.—Pale brownish green, spotted, chiefly at the obtuse end, with large, indistinct pale purple and brown blotches ; length, 3; breadth,
2-1 (Layard). South Island, both hemispheres outside the tropics.
107. LESTRIS PARASITICUS. Temm. C.M. Skua Gull.
Back and wing coverts, brownish cinereous ; top of the head, brown, varied with white ; neck and breast, white ; abdomen, dusky ; quills and tail, black ; two long narrow plumes from the tail. (Immature).
ipl Well: B., 1:3; T., 1-65.
Until specimens in the adult plumage have been obtained, it is im- possible to identify this bird satisfactorily.
Cape of Good Hope, colder parts of northern hemisphere.
Larus. J.
Brut, arched at the tip, nostrils, near the middle ; tarsi, nearly as long as the middle toe. All parts of the world, except Polynesia.
108. LARUS DOMINICANUS. Licht. C.M. Black-backed Gull. Karoro.
L. antipodum. Gray. L. pacificus. LAYARD.
Wuirte, with black back and wings, secondaries tipped with white. Young.—Brown, mottled with white ; over the tail, white, banded with brown.
iow Lory 9B. 2°25 2, 2°25. ‘ Hyg.—Yellowish grey, marked with grey and dark brown blotches ; length, 2°85 ; breadth, 1°85.
The whole southern hemisphere. 109. LARUS SCOPULINUS. Forst. C.M. Mackerel Gull. Tarapunga. L. Jamesont. GouLtp nec WILS.
Waite, with pale ash grey back and wings ; secondaries, ash ; first and second quills black, with a large spot of white near the tips, most of the
others white, with a black band near the tips, all tipped with white ;
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. Al
spurious wing, white ; bill, red in summer, reddish black in winter, and in the young bird, legs and feet red, reddish black in the winter. Meeps Ws, Bi 2 TO Figg.—Yellowish grey, marked with grey and dark brown blotches ; length, 2:1; breadth, 1:5. Auckland Islands, Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia.
110. LARUS BULLERI. Hutton. C.M. Black-billed Gull.
L. melanorhynchus. Butter nec TEM™.
LIKE scopulinus, but the first three quills are white, margined with black, all tipped with white ; spurious wing, white ; legs and feet, red in the adult, reddish black in the young ; bill, reddish black in the adult, black in the young.
eA Wi Op by hs LOD,
Both Islands, on inland lakes.
As the name melanorhynchus has already been applied to a species of Larus, I propose to call this bird after Mr. Buller, who first described it.
111. LARUS JAMESONI. Wiis. O.M. Brown-winged Gull.
L. Pomare. Brucu (?)
Wuite, with the back and wings ash grey ; secondaries, with a broad band of blackish brown near the tips ; feathers of spurious wing varied with blackish brown ; first and second quills with the basal half white, re- mainder either entirely black, or with a variously sized white spot near the tip, and slightly tipped with white ; bill, flesh color, blackish at the tip ; legs, flesh color. Young.—Many of the back, scapulars, and wing coverts, and tertiary feathers near the body, with a brown spot near the tip ; tail, with irregular spots, or a band of brown near the tip; feet, brownish flesh color.
eos. Eo eB. 184s Tl. 16D.
Both Islands, Australia.
Srerna. LL.
Butt, long, slightly arched, frontal feathers advancing close to the nos- trils ; tail, long, forked ; tarsi, short ; toes united by an indented web, hind toe, very short. All parts of the world. F
49 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
112. STERNA CASPIA. Pall. C..M
Caspian Tern.
S. strennua. GOULD.
Wuitr, with the back and wings ash grey ; top of the head, black in the spring, but white, spotted with black, during the rest of the year ; bill, red ; legs, black.
eos W.16; Bodo Doe Egg.—Greyish white, sparingly spotted with dark grey and brown ; length, 2°6 ; breadth, 1°75.
North America, South Africa, Australia, South Europe, India.
118. STERNA FRONTALIS. Gray. C.M.
Sea Swallow. Tara. S. longipennis. FINSCH.
Wuite ; back and wings, ash ; top of the head, black ; a white line over the bill ; bill, black ; legs and feet, reddish brown.
Hoe toy:” Wo LOro si by 2 Oy, OBO. Egg.—Yellowish brown, blotched with grey and black ; length, 1:85 ; breadth, 1°35.
Both Islands.
114. STERNA ANTARCTICA. Forst. C.M,
Common Tern.
Hydrochelidon albostriata. GRAY.
AsuH grey ; white over the tail; top of the head and back of the neck, black, margined with white ; tail, ash grey ; bill, orange ; legs, red. lei SW. OS Bi Poy Ps 275: Egg.—Yellowish grey, spotted with grey and brown; length, 1:5; breadth, 1:1. Both Islands.
115. STERNA NEREIS. Gould. | Cy.M. Little Tern.
S. minuta. FINSscH. Asu grey ; forehead and over the eye, white ; a spot before the eye, and
top of the head, black ; tail, white ; bill and legs, orange. le 9 Wheto thio sek, elk
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 43
Egg.—White, spotted with pale grey ; length, 1:35 ; breadth, °9. Both Islands, Australia, Tasmania.
HyprocHELipon. Bore.
TAIL, emarginate ; toes, united only at the base, the web continuing along the inner margin of each toe ; hind toe, moderate.
116. HYDROCHELIDON LEUCOPTERA. Temm. C.M. White-winged Tern.
Heap, neck, breast, and abdomen, deep black ; back, greyish black ; tail, white ; quills, silver grey, darker on the inner webs ; bill, reddish black ; legs and feet, red.
Peer aW ores be be, 7o5 Tak 31d,
Wairan Valley (D. Monro), Europe, Australia.
Anous. Leach.
Frontau feathers not reaching the nostrils; tail, long, strongly emar- ginate ; toes, fully webbed ; hind toe, long and slender.
Tropical seas.
117. ANOUS STOLIDUS. L. Noddy. Brown, with a grey head. Heelan WV .glOis Ms Ose dL Most parts of the world. I have seen no specimens.
PROCELLARIDAL. PETRELS. Bill, hooked at the tip ; nostrils, in tubes. DiomepEA. L. Brut, long, nasal tubes disjoined, lateral ; wings, long and narrow ; hind toe, absent. Colder parts of both hemispheres.
lo) =
118. DIOMEDEA EXULANS. L.
Albatross. Toroa.
Wuits, with the back generally more or less pencilled with black ; quills, dark brown. Young.—Chocolate brown, with a white face. MAS WV errs Bs, 7 5: Wes 4D. Egg.—White ; length, 5; breadth, 3°25. Southern Ocean, below 30° §,
44 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
119. DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRYS. Boie. C.M.
Molly-mawk.
Wuite, with the back, wings, and tail, and a line through the eye, black ; bill, light yellow. Tip o4s W.,.20:; B.,.4°25 ; T:, 3:20.
120. DIOMEDEA CHLORORHYNCHA. Gul. A.M.
Like the last, but the bill is black, with the upper ridge bright yellow. tears nW.. 19 3 B. 4:55 Taos
121. DIOMEDEA CULMINATA. Gould. Cy.M.
Like the last, but the bill is yellow on both the upper and lower edges. Young.—Head and neck grey ; yellow on bill, obscure.
L., 32; W., 20; B, 4:15; T., 3.
122. DIOMEDEA FULIGINOSA. Gml. Cy.M. Cape Hen. BLACKISH brown, darkest on the face ; back and abdomen, grey, lightest on the shoulders ; tail, wedge shaped ; bill, black, with a blue line on the lower mandible ; feet, yellow. The young are entirely blackish brown. ieee W.,. 213. B., £05785. Egg.—White ; length, 4:2 ; breadth, 2-5 (Layard).
OSSIFRAGA.
NosTRILs, in a long tube on the top of the beak ; wings, rather short ; tail of sixteen feathers ; hind toe, reduced to a claw.
123. OSSIFRAGRA GIGANTEA. Gml. A.M. Nelly.
Brown, sometimes mottled with white ; bill, pale yellow ; legs and feet, brownish black.
ene nie 20) 2) Bi 3710.31.35. FEgg.—Dirty white, rough ; length, 4°25 ; breadth, 2°7. (Layard).
HALODROMA.
Bix, shorter than the head ; nasal tubes, united on the top of the bill, opening vertically upwards ; wings, short ; no hind toe.
« BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 45
124. HALADROMA URINATRIX. Gml. eM Diving Petrel. Titi. Pelecanoides urinatrix. GRAY.
Pro. Cookii. [List of birds in the New Zealand Exhibition. | ABove, brownish black; below, white, tinted with blue on the sides; feet, blue.
he We Oe Esse. 2) oi i Both Islands.
Purrinus. Briss.
Bitt, not longer than the head, slender; nasal tubes, short, flat, obliquely truncated ; hind toe, reduced to a claw. All parts of the world.
125. PUFFINUS GAVIUS. Forst. C.M. Rain-bird or Wet-bird. Shearwater. Laughing Jackass(?) Hakoakoa. P. opisthomelas. Cours. PP. assimilis. Hutton.
ABxove, brownish black ; below, white ; bill, bluish black ; legs and feet
yellow, black on the outside margins. elo ee Were tbe i he lee tail 33253 Both Islands, South Pacific.
126. PUFFINUS BREVICAUDATUS. Brant. C.M.
BrownisH black ; bill, black, yellowish at the base ; feet, bluish, webs, yellow.
Teg aes We Oo eae Gus 2: Egg.—White ; length, 2°75 ; breadth, 1°87. (Gould.)
Australia.
127. PUFFINUS TRISTIS. Forst. C.M. Mutton Bird. Oii.
Nectris amaurosoma. COUuES.
BrownisH black, lighter below, whitish on the chin ; most of the under wing coverts, white ; bill, bluish white, shading into black on the upper and lower margins; legs and feet, bluish white, the membrane dark. In the young the bill is black, and the feet, brownish.
eG NNO ite Dell. Egg.—White, stained with reddish brown ; length, 3-25 ; breadth, 2.
South Island, South Pacific.
G
46 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
PROCELLARIA.
Brit not longer than the head ; nasal tubes, united, placed on the top of the bill, opening horizontally forwards ; hind toe, reduced to a claw.
All parts of the world.
128. PROCELLARIA PARKINSONI. Grey. C.M. Toa-nui. Majaqueus Parkinsoni. Hurton. Procellaria equinoctialis. HELLMAN. BrownisH black ; middle parts of the bill, bluish white ; legs and feet, black. ies NV laos Dy 25°21. Egg.—White ; length, 2°85 ; breadth, 2.
129. PROCELLARIA CINEREA. Gml. Brown Petrel. P. hesitata. GOULD. AxBovVE, brownish cinereous ; below, white ; bill, yellow, with a blackish tip ; feet, yellow. Pee Wi to BAS 51. 24.
Common on the coast. I have not yet obtained specimens.
180. PROCELLARIA GLACIALOIDES. Smith. C.M. ABOVE, pale ash ; below, white; quill feathers, with some black near the tips ; bill, pink ; nasal tube, bluish ; legs, pink ; feet, blue.
Hele oe Wels, bio 2-5) '.., 2.
131. PROCELLARIA CAPENSIS. L. C.M. Cape Pigeon. Heap, black ; back, white, spotted with black ; below, white. Lele Wee WOra se. E21. 16d,
1382. PROCELLARIA LESSONI. Garnot. White-headed Petrel. Back and tail, ash ; wings, black ; head, and under surface, white, with a black line through the eye. LC Ws aioe ei Ls DP de65, North Island. I have not yet obtained specimens.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 47
133. >PROCELLARIA INCERTA. Schlegel. Axsove, brownish grey ; wings and tail, darker; below, white, tinged with brown on the throat and under tail coverts.
Hee Wy Los. bos Tole:
T have never seen this bird.
1384. PROCELLARIA MOLLIS. Gould.
ABOVE, grey ; below white, with a grey band on the breast ; under wing coverts, grey.
an Wego), i, bok owe. SS:
Southern Ocean, North Atlantic. I have not seen this bird near New Zealand.
135. PROCELLARIA COOKII. Gray. Coll. Rev. R. Laishley.
ABOVE, grey ; forehead, cheeks, and below, white, with a brown spot through the eye; upper wing coverts, brownish black ; under ones, white.
L., 12:5; W., 9-25; B., 1.55; T., 1-15.
186. PROCHLLARIA ATLANTICA. Gould.
Black Petrel.
BrownisH black ; bill and feet, black. Terao We ls Be Lb 3 TL 8. Common on the coast. I have not yet obtained specimens.
1387. PROCELLARIA GOULDI. Hutton. A.M, Grey-faced Petrel.
BrownisH black, with a grey face ; bill and feet, black. hoo Waerlo sols. 1:63 TT: Lgg.—White ; length, 2°6 ; breadth, 1:85.
188. PROCELLARIA CHRULEA. Gml., A.M.
Azove, ash, blackish on the top of the head; forehead, white ; below, white ; tail, grey, with a white tip.
Te Oe NV 8s: Be QD AG LD)
Both Islands. Fiji Islands.
48 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND,
Prion. Lacep.
Bitu as long as the head, broad at the base, the upper mandible
furnished near its edge with laminated serrations.
189. PRION TURTUR. Soland. C.M. Whale-bird. Laughing Jackass (?)
P. ariel. Goup.
Apove, light ash; over the eye, white ; below, white ; shoulders and tip of the tail, brownish black ; chin, feathered. ii Oro WW ., 6°75 ; 'B., 15 T1235, width of bill, :3b:
140. PRION BANKSII. Smith. C.M. Whale Bird.
Procellaria equinoctialis. [ List of birds in New Zealand Exhibition. |
Like twurtur, but with a broader bill, and the chin only’ half feathered.
L., 11; W., 7; B, 1:2; T, 1-2; width of bill, -45.
141. PRION VITTATUS. Gml. C.M.
Like twrtur, but with the bill much swollen, and the chin nearly naked. AO 1 3 Bay 1°55. Th, 1 2ey ewidthyot sbilliico. Lgg.—White ; length, 2; breadth, 1:5. (Gould.)
THALASSIDROMA. JVzgors.
Brit, shorter than the head, weak, nasal tube long and elevated ; first quill, never the longest ; tarsi, long and slender ; hind toe, minute ; tail, more or less forked.
All parts of the world.
142. THALASSIDROMA MARINA. Lath. C.M.
Top of the head, hind part of neck, and a spot on each side of the breast, grey ; back and wing coverts, brown ; upper and lower tail coverts, bluish grey.
Sco Wine Onooie eb. 3 To 1 Bb: Fgg.-—White ; length, 1:5 ; breadth, 1:12 (Gould).
Both Islands.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. 49
143. THALASSIDROMA MELANOGASTER. Gould. A.M. Stormy Petrel. Heap, neck, back, wings, and tail, dark brown; below, white, with a longitudinal brownish black band. eens Oroy Ba fos Ts ITD. Egg.—White ; length, 1:5 ; breadth, 1:25 (Layard). Both Islands, Indian Ocean.
144. THALASSIDROMA NEREIS. Gould. Cy. M.
Above, ash; head, brownish ash ; tail, ash, with a black tip; under surface, white.
Od WW ores Bes Os WT. 29;
Both Islands.
PELECANID.
All four toes connected together by a broad membrane ; throat, furnished with a pouch.
Dysporus. Jlliger.
BIL, strong, straight ; first and second quills the longest ; tail, graduated ; claw of middle toe, serrated ; hind claw, rudimentary. All parts of the world.
145. *DYSPORUS PISCATOR. L. Red-legged Gannet. Burry white wings, blackish brown, washed with grey ; tail, brownish: grey, shafts, white ; legs and feet, vermillion. New Zealand (Peale). I have seen no specimens. Australia, Polynesia, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
146, DYSPORUS SERRATOR. Banks. C.M..
Gannett. Takapu.
Sula capensis. LicHr.
Wuite, with the top and sides of the head, buff ; quills, and four middle tail feathers, black. Mego WoO Bio): 2 Egg.—White stained with reddish brown ; length, 3-1 ; breadth, 1°85. Both Islands, Australia, Cape of Good Hope. H
50 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
GracuLus. JL.
Bit, straight, rather slender, hooked at the tip ; second and third quills
the longest ; tail, rounded.
147. GRACULUS CARBO. L. C.M.
Cormorant. Black Shag. Kawau.
G. carboides. Gray. Phalacrocoraxa Nove Hollandie. BuLuEr.
Axpove, dark green or blue black ; bronzy on the back ; below, green black ; throat, and a band extending to the eye, white ; a white spot on the thigh, and many linear white feathers on the head and neck. When the breeding season is over, the white feathers on the head and neck are lost, and the throat is yellowish white. The young are brown, mottled with white below.
Mod OW.2 13D Boon Ly 2-20. Egg.—Bluish white, chalky ; length, 2-5 ; breadth, 1-58.
Both Islands, Europe, Australia, Egypt, China.
148. GRACULUS CARUNCULATUS. Gml. G. cirrhatus. GRAY.
BuvE black ; wings, green black ; below, an oblong spot on each wing, and some long feathers over each eye, white ; base of the bill furnished with a yellow wattle ; head, crested ; skin round the eye, blue ; between the eye and the mouth, orange ; legs, scarlet.
taeo or W., 125 B., 3°25 5 UT, 2:5. Egg.—FPale green ; length, 2-8 ; breadth, 1-9. (Layard. )
Crozet Island, Straits of Magellan.
I have seen no specimens.
149. GRACULUS MELANOLEUCUS. Vieill. C.M. Frilled Shag.
Asove, black ; below, white ; feathers of the neck, lengthened. In the young the abdomen is mottled with black.
LE ees NV Oral, alae oy Ds tieG,
Both Islands, Australia, Pelew Islands.
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. iL
150. GRACULUS CHALCONOTUS. Grey.
ENTIRELY greenish black, with flesh colored feet ; head, crested. evo wVe, oto eB. 3° 1. 2. Otago (Harl.) Peculiar to New Zealand.
J have seen no specimen.
151. GRACULUS SULCIROSTRIS. Brant.
GREENISH black ; greyish on the back ; over the eye and on the sides of the neck, numerous minute narrow white feathers during the breeding season ; orbits and pouch, brownish black, the latter tinged with blue. Small.
Manna (Manawaora?) Bay. (T. R. Peale.)
Australia, Indian Archipelago, India.
I have seen no specimen.
152. GRACULUS BREVIROSTRIS. Gould. C.M. White-throated Shag.
Back, with the throat and chin white; pouch, yellow. The young are entirely black.
ie Aes NYE 985. = Be 2c2b. SE Va, Egg.—Bluish white ; length, 2 ; breadth, 1-35.
Both Islands. Peculiar to New Zealand.
153. GRACULUS VARIUS. Gml. C.M. Pied Shag. Kawau.
ABove, greenish black, brown on the back; below, white; thighs, greenish black. The young birds are brown above, and white, mottled with brown, below. Between the eye and the gape, light blue ; a spot in front of the eye, bright yellow.
Ta Wel lo 2B. 3°35 T5220. Egg.—FPale blue ; length, 2:4 ; breadth, 1°5.
Both Islands, Australia.
154. GRACULUS PUNCTATUS. Sparrm. O.M. Spotted Shag.
G. stictocephalus. [List of birds in the New Zealand Exhibition, 1865. |
ABOVE, grey, with black spots ; tail and thighs, black ; below, lead grey ;
head and neck, black, with a white stripe down each side of the neck ;
52 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
head, crested ; legs and feet, flesh color. In the young the upper surface is grey, and the lower white.
ou Wes D250 5. by 2. (?) Hgg.—Yellowish white ; length, 2:22 ; breadth, 1-48.
Both Islands. Peculiar to New Zealand.
TACHYPETES. JVrevll.
Bitt, longer than the head, hooked at the tip ; wings, very long and narrow ; tail, long, forked ; tarsi, very short, half covered with feathers ; membrane between the toe, deeply indented.
155. TACHYPETES AQUILUS. L. O.M. Frigate Bird.
Male.—Entirely black, glossed with green and blue on the back of the neck. Pouch, red, extending far down the neck. In N.M.
Wiot ss W225 6. 55 'T., 00. Female.—Above, dark brown ; head and neck, white ; throat, tinged with reddish buff ; breast, flanks, and vent, dark brown; abdomen, white.
loo We. o0s. Bibs L,'6.
An occasional visitor. Tropical parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
PTILOPTERI. Penguins.
Wings, short, covered with scale-like feathers ; tail, composed of narrow rigid feathers ; tarsi, very short; anterior toes, united by a web; hind toe, very small and united to the tarsus.
Southern hemisphere.
APTENODYTES. Jorst.
Bii1, longer than the head, rather slender ; lower mandible covered with a smooth naked skin ; tail, very short ; tarsi, covered with short feathers.
156. *APTENODYTES PENNANTII. Gray.
“HEAD and hind part of the neck, brown ; back, dark blue; below, white ; a spot of yellow on the ears; bill and legs, black.”
His, ile,
South Sea Islands, Stewart’s Island ?
I have seen no specimen. Mr. Ellman seems to be the authority for it, but his bird was probably Ludyptes pachyrhynchus.
or jw
BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
Eupyptes. VJrerll.
Nostris, linear, the frontal feathers advancing to the opening ; tail,
rather long.
157. HUDYPTES ANTIPODES. Homb. et Jacq. O.M.
Great Penguin. Hoiho.
Top of the head, yellow, finely streaked with black, margined by a broad light yellow band, which runs from the eye to the back of the head ; sides of the face and throat, delicate light greyish brown, tinged with yellow below the gape ; sides of the neck, greyish brown, shading into blue black at the back of the neck ; back, blue black ; wings, the same, tipped with a band of white; tail, brownish black ; under surface, white.
1 ice aS LOT Bias 0) GPa! eal BM aed head as
South Island.
158. HUDYPTES PACHYRHYNCHUS. Gray. C.M.
Crested Penguin. Tawaki.
Heap and throat, black, with a plume of elongated yellow feathers over each eye ; back, blue black ; below, white ; feet, red.
fe Oe NV eds Ecos lee E20,
Both Islands.
EuUDYPTULA.
Nostrits, rather rounded, placed in the middle of the bill; tail, very short. Australia.
159. EUDYPTULA MINOR. Forst. C.M.
Blue Penguin. Korora.
ABOVE, blue ; below, white. bers We 5ei5 +B. 1:9 sy Ts, -8 > height of bill’: Figg.—White ; length, 2:2 ; breadth, 1-75. South Island. I
=I
i
54 BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
160. EUDYPTULA UNDINA. Gould. Little Penguin. Korora. S. minor. Hutton. ABove, blue; below, white. Deb W., 4°75; B.,. 120.5 T., 38 5 heeht. of billed. Lgg.—White ; length, 2:1; breadth, 1-6. Both fslands, Australia.
C.M.
Bin DS: INTRODUCED
BY
EUROPEAN SETTLERS.
Order Iih—=P ASS ER ES.
MELIPHAGIDA. Howry Birpbs.
For characters, see ante, p. 4.
1. MYZANTHA GARRULA. Vig. et Horsf. Australian Mainah.
Above, greyish brown, wings and tail, darker ; tip of the tail, greyish white ; forehead, black ; below, greyish white, spotted on the breast ; bill and feet, yellow.
AO ONE OO a, be ee i iL to, Egg—Bluish white, marked all over with reddish brown ; length, 1°5 ; breadth, °8.
Canterbury and Nelson, From Victoria.
LUCINIDA. Warsiers.
For characters, see ante, p. 9.
2. SYLVIA CINEREA. Lath. White Throat.
Axsove, light greyish brown, secondaries and coverts edged with light brownish red ; lateral tail feathers, white ; below, greyish white.
Me OSes! Woh ge Legs Os Egg.—Greenish white, spotted with greyish green and purplish grey ; length, ‘75 ; breadth, ‘6.
Auckland ; three only. From England.
56 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
38. ERITHACUS RUBECULA. L. Robin Red-breast.
ABOVE, olive green ; forehead, cheeks, foreneck, and part of the breast, ferruginous. Mh oi Woy es Ly Fgg.—Delicate reddish white, faintly spotted with light purplish red, sometimes forming a ring near the thicker end ; length, ‘75 ; breadth, ‘6. Auckland ; three only, and a few at Nelson. From England.
TURDIDA.
For characters, see ante, p. 13.
4. TURDUS MUSICUS. L. Song Thrush Axpove, olive brown; chin and abdomen, white ; breast and flanks, yellowish, with black spots. ie aww. 4) 3. B., 1; T., 1-3. Eyg.—Greenish blue, with spots of brownish black ; length, | ; breadth, -75 ; nest, lined with mud.
All the Provinces. From England.
5, TURDUS MERULA. L. Black-bird Brack, with a bright yellow bill. Female.—Brown, paler on the throat ; bill, dusky. Peeto OW. o:50 5°T., 1°25. \ Egg.—Pale bluish green, thickly spotted with umber; length, 1-1 ; breadth, °8 ; nest, lined with mud.
All the Provinces. From England.
AMPELIDA.
Bill, moderate, broad at the base, slightly notched near the tip ; tarsi,
lengthened, slender ; toes, long ; claws, short, curved.
6. PARDALOTUS PUNCTATUS. Temm.
Diamond Sparrow.
Tor of the head, black, spotted with yellow ; back, black, spotted with
yellowish brown ; over the tail, ferruginous ; upper tail coverts, crimson ;
INTRODUCED BIRDS. ays
wings and tail, black, with white spots ; below, yellowish white ; lower tail coverts, yellow.
lise Sole OW oo2'de 3 Bo 4s TG, Hgg.-—White ; length, ‘6 ; breadth, ‘5.
Canterbury and Nelson. From Victoria.
CORVIDZ.
For characters, see ante, p. 16.
7. GYMNORHINA TIBICEN. Lath.
Australian Magpie.
Buack, with the back of the neck, wing coverts, over the tail, and base of the tail feathers, white. Hie NVie as en
Ligg.—Pale green, or blue, spotted with reddish or purplish brown ;
Ot
length, 1:5; breadth, 1:2 ; variable in size and color. All the Provinces. From Australia.
8. CORVUS FRUGILEGUS. L. Rook. BuveE black ; in the old birds the skin round the bill is naked. og Wig er hoes: Bad La, Ligg.—Greenish blue, dotted with greyish brown; length, 1:8; breadth, 1:25.
Auckland, Nelson ; two only at the latter place. From England.
9. CORVUS MONEDULA. L. Jackdaw. GreyisH black ; fore part of the head, glossed with blue; hind neck, light grey. eet VE LO Ce TS: igg.—Pale bluish white, thickly dotted with dark brown ; length, 1:4 ; breadth, 1.
Canterbury. From England. STURNIDA.
Lor characters, see ante, p. 16. K
58 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
10. STURNUS VULGARIS. L. Starling.
GREEN and purplish black, spotted with white ; bill, yellow. Young.—Greyish brown ; bill, dusky.
Te 2p Wa, Oro 3: TL: Lgg.—Pale greenish blue ; length, 1:2; breadth, -75
All the Provinces. From England.
11. STURNULA LUDOVICIANA. L. Meadow Lark
HEAD, brownish black, with a yellowish white stripe on the top, and another over each eye; back, brown, variegated with black; below, bright yellow, paler on the abdomen; a black crescent on the lower throat.
jee hi bea Egg.—W hite, spotted and blotched with reddish brown.
Auckland ; two only. From California.
12. AGELAIUS PHZiINICEUS. Dand. Red-winged Starling.
Buack ; lesser wing coverts, scarlet.
1,9, Female.—Black, mottled with pale brown, chin paler; below, streaked with black and white; line over the eye, and another from the gape, pale fulvous.
E25. Lgg.—Pale light blue, marked with lines and dashes of black.
Auckland ; two only. From California.
FRINGILLIDA.
Small ; bill, short and thick, more or less conic, entire at the tip.
18. PADDA ORYZIVORA. L. Java Sparrow.
Dark grey ; cheeks, white ; head, throat, rump, aut and tail, black ;
abdomen, purple grey ; vent, white. Ios: O: Auckland and Nelson ; a few only. From Java.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. AQ
14. PYRRHULA RUBICILLA. Pall. Bullfinch.
Top of the head, wings, upper tail coverts, and tail, black ; back, grey ; over the tail, white ; below, red. In the female the back is brownish grey, and the lower parts dull yellowish brown.
TOSSA SY is 9: ae een res Nem £gg.—Bluish, or purplish white, spotted and streaked with grey and brown ; length, ‘78 ; breadth, -6.
Nelson ; six only. From England.
15. PYRANGA RUBRA. Wils.
Scarlet Tanager. Cape Cardinal.
SCARLET ; wings and tail, black ; in the winter, greenish yellow. Female.—Green above, and yellow below ; wings and tail, black. deer WW 4 Be eT. iO. gg.—Dull greenish blue, speckled with brown and purple ; length, -87 ; breadth, 62. Auckland ; two only. From the United States.
16. ESTRELDA TEMPORALIS. Lath. Nutmeg Sparrow.
Tor of the head, and back of the neck and tail, dark grey; back, yel- lowish olive ; line over the eye and upper tail coverts, crimson ; below, yellowish white, passing into grey on the breast; bill, red, with the upper and lower edges, black.
esos Wax 2o.: Bi, 4p 0.60: Lgg.—¥leshy white ; length, °6 ; breadth, °4.
Auckland. From Queensland.
17. DONACOLA CASTANHOTHORLAX. Lath. Chestnut Sparrow.
Back and wings, reddish chestnut ; over the tail, orange yellow ; head, dark brown, with a line from the bill over the eye, the ear coverts, and throat, black; upper flanks, chestnut, barred with black and white ; lower flanks, white, barred with black ; thighs and vent, black ; bill and legs, horn blue.
Meo Wie 25 by, As, 8D: Egg.—White ; length, 63 ; breadth, ‘45 ; nest, flask-shaped.
Auckland. From Queensland.
60 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
18. FRINGILLA C@LEBS. L. Chaffiinch.
Top of head and nape, dark blue ; back, rufous ; over the tail, olive ; breast, pink ; abdomen, white ; wings, with a band of white and another of pale yellow. Female.—Greyish olive above, and brownish white below ; wings, with two white bands.
lie (6-b°3 Wi 3779 5 Bi Ti 09; Egg.—Purplish white, sparsely spotted with reddish brown ; length, °75 ; breadth, ‘5.
All the Provinces. From England.
19. FRINGILLA CARDUELIS. L. Goldfinch.
Round the beak, black ; front and chin, scarlet ; ears and throat, white ; top of the head, black ; back, brown ; abdomen, white ; breast, brownish white ; wings, black, marked with yellow.
WO. We, 0°23, T.,.°6. Egg.—Bluish white, marked with a few spots of greyish purple and brown ; length, °75 ; breadth, °5.
All the Provinces. From England.
20. FRINGILLA CANARIA. L. Canary.
YELLOWISH green ; wings and tail, darker.
Iino W.,.o72075 1.5) 4- Ligg.—
Nelson and Auckland. Domesticated birds from England ; inhabits Madeira and Canary Islands.
21. FRINGILLA CHLORIS. L.
_
Green Linnet.
YELLOWISH green ; forehead, dusky ; wing coverts, greenish grey ; tail, tipped with dusky ; bill, robust.
Le O2Oe Mepis. Diy Go dy c08: Egg.—Purplish white, spotted with greyish black, and streaked with black ; length, °9 ; breadth, °7.
All the Provinces. From England.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. 61
92. FRINGILLA CANNABINA. L. Grey Linnet.
Heap, greyish brown ; back, reddish brown ; below, white, tinted with rufous on the breast and flanks; in summer the top of the head and breast are bright red. Female.—Dusky brown, with a white chin ; bill, greyish black.
ie, Oana Wa. ook + W. 62: Hgg.—Bluish white, sparingly spotted with purplish grey and reddish brown ; length, °75 ; breadth, *55.
All the Provinces. From England.
23. FRINGILLA FLAVIROSTRIS. L.
Mountain Linnet, or Twite.
ABove, brownish black, streaked with reddish brown ; over the tail, reddish ; throat and breast, reddish brown ; abdomen, white ; bill, greyish yellow. The female has no red over the tail.
Lox Osos VWs 2sOwes as *G: Kgg.—Bluish white, marked towards the larger end with light brown and purplish red ; length, ‘65 ; breadth, °5.
Otago. From Scotland.
94. FRINGILLA LINNARIA. L. _Redpole.
Axove, brown ; below, white, tinged with rufous on the flanks ; round the bill, dark brown ; throat, black; top of the head and _ breast, crimson ; bill, yellow.
Wier Sus WW i 25 7b be. Oe Egg.—Pale bluish green, spotted with orange, brown, and black, princi- pally towards the larger end; length, -65 ; breadth, -45,
Canterbury, Otago, and Nelson. From Scotland.
25. PASSHR DOMESTICUS. L. Sparrow. Heap, nape, and sides of the breast, slate blue ; chin, throat, and upper part of breast, black ; a band of chestnut behind the eye ; back, reddish brown ; below, grey. fe O22) OW BOL Ge Da 1D, L
62 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
Eyg.—Greyish white, covered with oblong spots of pale grey and greyish black, or freckled all over with grey and brown ; length, 87 ; breadth, 6. All the Provinces. From England.
96. PASSER MONTANUS. L. Tree Sparrow.
Heap and nape, chestnut red; band over the eye, ears, and throat, black ; sides of the neck, and a collar on the nape, white ; back, reddish brown ; below, yellowish or greyish white.
te oroo ss W.. 3: T.,.°69. Egg.—Brownish white, spotted with dark grey and brown ; length, ‘8 ; breadth, 55.
Auckland. From England.
27. EMBERIZA CITRINELLA. L.
Yellow-hammer.
Back and wings, brown ; head, neck, throat, and under parts, yellow ; breast, tinted with red. In the female the yellow is clouded with olive brown.
irae; We, oD) Le, 00. Egg.—Purplish white, marked with linear and angular streaks and dots of black ; length, ‘8 ; breadth, °66.
Auckland, Canterbury, Otago, and Nelson. From England.
28. EMBERIZA CIRLUS. L. Cirl Bunting.
Back and wings, brownish black, varied with red; head and throat, black ; a band over the eye, another beneath it, and a crescent-shaped patch on the fore neck, yellow ; lower part of neck, dull green ; fore part of breast and sides, yellowish red ; the rest, yellow.
Female —Head, greenish brown, streaked with black ; upper parts as in the male; the lower, yellowish ; breast and sides, streaked with brown.
i, 6:25.5. Wi, oor Ls 36.
Egg.—Cinerous white, with curved dusky lines ; length, ‘8 ; breadth, -65.
Otago; a few only. From England.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. 63
29. EMBERIZA SCHCINICULUS. LL. Reed Bunting.
Heap and throat, black ; a line from the bill down the neck, a broad band over the back of the neck, and the lower parts, white; back, brownish black, varied with chestnut. Female.—Above, blackish brown, varied with rufous ; below, greyish white ; a hand of yellowish grey across the neck.
De Oseor Wigcatk (5. be. Os Figg.—Dull yellow grey, marked with angular lines and spots of black ; length, ‘78 ; breadth, -62.
Otago; a few only. From England.
30. ALAUDA ARVENSIS. L. Sky-lark.
ABOVE, brown ; chin, breast, and flanks, pale reddish yellow, spotted
with brown on the breast ; abdomen, white ; head, with a short crest. Ee icon eNwe Aco bs. 1
Egg.—Greenish grey, freckled with greyish brown ; length, -9 ; breadth, -7. All the Provinces. From England.
Order I1T—SCANSORES:
PSITTACID AL.
For characters, see ante, p. 18.
31. MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS. Shaw.
Grass Paroquet. Top of the head, face, and throat, yellow, with a patch of blue on each cheek ; back, greenish yellow, pencilled with brown ; over the tail and the under surface, bright green ; two centre tail feathers, blue ; remainder, ereen. Ligg.—White ; length, -75 ; breadth, -6.
Canterbury. From Australia.
64 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
Order IV—COLUMB£.
COLUMBIDA.
For characters, see ante, p. 21.
32. TURTUR AURITUS. Temm.
, Turtle Dove.
Heap and neck, bluish lilac, with some black and white feathers on the sides of the neck; sides of the face, yellow ; breast, pale pink ; abdomen, white.
elo W.,. 1255 'T., “88. Egg.—White ; length, 1:25 ; breadth, °83.
Nelson and Auckland ; a few only. From England.
33. TURTUR RISORIUS. L. Ring Dove. CREAM color, with a black ring on the back of the neck.
Nelson and Auckland ; a few only. Domesticated birds from KEng- land ; inhabits Northern India, Asia Minor, etc.
34. PHAPS CHALCOPTERA. Lath. Bronze-wing Pigeon.
Axsove, brown ; forehead, grey ; breast, purplish red, passing into grey on the abdomen ; chin, white; on the wing, a band of coppery bronze tipped with green ; tail, grey, with a black band.
eo Wes Bolle, ay Egg. —White ; length, 1:25 ; breadth, 1.
Nelson and Auckland ; a few only. From Australia.
85. PHAPS HISTRIONICA. Gould. Harlequin Bronze-wing. ForEHEAD, a circle round the ears, and a crescent-shaped mark across the throat, white ; remainder of head and throat, black ; back, cinnamon brown ; a band of reddish bronze on the wing ; breast and abdomen, grey. fe MOCO We, eed sie, Auckland ; a few only. From Australia.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. 65
386. PHAPS PICATA. Lath.
Wonga-wonga Pigeon. ’ FoREHEAD and chin, white ; above, slate grey; breast, greyish black, crossed by a broad band of white ; abdomen, white.
Auckland and Wellington ; a few only. From Australia.
’ } 37. Green Pigeon. | Auckland. From New Caledonia. 38. Pigeon. Auckland. From the Saloman Islands. 39. Queensland Dove. (Columba cuneata?) Auckland. Order V.—GALLIN &. } MEGAPODIDE.
Bill, strong ; hind toe, long, resting entirely on the ground.
40. TALLEGALLUS LATHAMI. Gray. Brush-turkey. Axovz, blackish brown ; below, greyish ; skin of the head and neck, pinkish red ; wattle, yellow. Lgg.—White ; length, 3°75 ; breadth, 2:5. Kaipara, two only. From New oe Wales.
PHASIANID ZL.
Tail, lengthened, graduated, composed of narrow-pointed feathers.
41. PHASIANUS COLCHICUS. L. English Pheasant.
Curstnut brown, barred with black on the under parts ; head and neck, metallic green and blue. Female.—Brown, varied with blackish brown.
ee soe Were lOuis 9 hc ond, Egg.—Pale greenish brown ; length, 1°83 ; breadth, 1°42.
All the Provinces. From England.
66 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
42. PHASIANUS TORQUATUS. Gml.
Chinese Pheasant.
Top of head, brown; neck, and tuft on either side of head, metallic green and blue ; a white ring on the back of the neck ; back, buff, varied with black and rufous ; over the tail, greyish ; sides, buff, with black spots ; breast, chestnut brown, varied with black.
Female.—Brown, varied with blackish brown.
igige as We lis We, LO 5B., 1-255; 2 email. 22 2) We, 0; B. 1123 Ps, 2: Egg.—Brownish olive ; length, 1:65 ; breadth, 1-33.
All the Provinces. From China.
TETRAONID 4.
For characters, see ante, p. 22.
43. PERDIX CINEREA. Briss. Partridge.
Brown, pencilled with black and streaked with chestnut on the back ; abdomen, whitish ; throat and breast, grey, with a chestnut horse-shoe mark on the breast of the male.
leo Ws, 60-2 Mas iiones (he deb; Egg.—FPale greenish brown ; length, 1°d; breadth, 1-1.
Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago. From England.
44. PERDIX PETROSA. Meyer. Barbary Partridge.
Axpove, brown; throat, and a streak over the eye, grey ; side of the neck, chestnut, spotted with white ; below, yellowish white, with bars of black and brown on the flanks.
i 1b 3.3) W.,. 6. Lgg.—Dirty yellow, spotted all over with brownish green.
Auckland ; two only. From North Africa.
45. COTURNIX AUSTRALIS. Lath.
Tasmanian Quail.
FoREHEAD and throat, buffy white ; above, chestnut, striped with black and varied with grey ; below, buffy grey, with zigzag markings of black, and finely striped with white ; shoulders, greyish brown ; quills, brown,
mottled on the outer edges with greyish.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. 67
Fgg.—Bluish white, more or less spotted with greyish brown or buff ; length, 1:25 ; breadth, -95.
All the Provinces. From Tasmania.
46. COTURNIX PECTORALIS. Gould.
Australian Quail.
ABovE, brown, streaked with yellowish white, and pencilled with rufous ; over each eye, and on the top of the head, a line of yellowish white ; throat, reddish buff ; below, yellowish white, varied with black ; centre of chest, black.
The female has no baff on the throat, and no black on the chest.
re ORLO st i VVicwr Os aoa mele Ul Co. Egg.—Straw white, spotted or blotched with brown.
Auckland and Canterbury. From Australia.
47. TURNIX VARIUS. Lath. Little Australian Quail.
Asove, blackish brown, varied with chestnut, and finely striped with white ; throat, white ; breast, olive grey, with yellowish white spots ; abdomen, yellowish white ; sides of the breast, chestnut; hind toe, wanting.
i, 63) We oe be eke fo, Egg.—Pyriform, yellowish white, minutely spotted with reddish brown, chestnut, and purplish grey ; length, 1°25; breadth, 1.
Auckland and Canterbury. From Australia.
48. ORTYX CALIFORNICA. Steph.
Californian Quail.
Leap blue, with a black crest on the top of the head; throat, black, margined with white ; abdomen, barred with black ; forehead, and a line over the eye, white. In the female the black throat is wanting, and the breast is olivaceous brown. LO se W220, BO.) Tos 1-2, gg. —Pyriform, white ; length, 1:28 ; breadth, -97. Allthe Provinces. From California.
68 INTRODUCED BIRDS.
Order VIII—ANSERES.
ANATIDAL.
For characters, see ante, p. 39.
49. CYGNUS OLOR. Gml. White Swan. Wuitt ; bill, red, black at the base. Demo, We, 3 By. 15. 25 Auckland and Canterbury. Domesticated birds from England.
50. CYGNUS ATRATA. Lath. Black Swan. Buack, with parts of the wing feathers, white ; bill, red, with a white band near the tip. 48; W., 18°) 5B. 2:75.53 0, 4 Figg.—Pale bluish green ; length, 4:15; breadth, 2°7. All the Provinces. From Australia.
51. CHREOPSIS NOV HOLLANDIZA. Lath. Cape Barren Goose. BRoWNISH grey ; top of the head, whitish ; bill, black ; cere, yellow ; legs, orange. Ligg.-—White ; length, 3:25 ; breadth, 2°25. Auckland ; a few only. From Australia.
52. ANAS BOSCHAS. L. Mallard.
Heap and neck, dark green, surrounded by a white ring ; back, chestnut ; over the tail, black ; breast, deep chestnut ; abdomen, greyish white ; speculum, blue, banded with white ; four black curly feathers over the tail ; bill, yellow ; legs, orange. Lemale.—Dusky brown ; under parts streaked and spotted with darker. Be ae = WV): lel ee Be id eT BS. Lgg.—Greenish white ; length, 2°25 ; breadth, 1-75. Otago ; afew only. From England.
INTRODUCED BIRDS. 69
Tue following birds have been bred in the Colony, but are not yet
turned out ——
GoLDEN Pueasant. TZhawmalea picta. IL.
SILVER PHEASANT. Gallophasis nycthemerus. 1.
Eeyptian Goose. Chenalopex egyptiacus. LL.
SanpwicH Istanp Goose. Chlotphaga sandvicensis. Vigors.
THE following domesticated birds are also introduced, but do not appear
to have gone wild :—
Picron. Columba livia. Temm. Barn-poor Fown. Gallus Bankiva. Temm. Peacock. Pavo cristatus. LL.
Turkey. Meleagris mexicana. Gould. GuineEA Fownt. Numida ptilorhyncha. Licht.
M
* ui’ oe \ Fi
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ici ibe over ahd Rien RIN AE,
bevels iy che neni ia ', , - 44 Rute ya cane aah ane i nid iN | iy 7 " oe any Sia ar NSA he EDD said eee wen
] {
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Chet Cs Ee NOEs.
In the following notes I have given my reasons for the alterations I have thought necessary to make ; as, however, most of them refer to the much vexed question of what constitutes a species, and what a variety, a short prefatory statement of my views on this subject is, I think, necessary.
Accepting, as I do with confidence, the theory of the gradual devel- opment of species, by small progressive variations from previously existing forms, it appears to me that when seeking to ascertain whether a certain variation is sufficient to characterise a new species, we are, in truth, seeking to ascertain how long this variation has been in existence, for until it had existed for a considerable period it could not have deviated sufficiently from the parent form to entitle it to constitute a distinct species, and it is also highly improbable that a variation would continue constant for a great length of time without further progression in the same direction, for constancy implies utility, and a useful variation must be a progressive one.
What, then, may be considered as characterising age in variations ?
1. Constancy, for it proves a long line of similar ancestors.
2. Absence of intermediate varieties.
3. The principal variations being accompanied by other minor, but generally constant variations.
4, The extent of the variation, provided it is constant.
5. The abundance of individuals possessing the variation, and their wide distribution, except in those cases where the modifications are adapted for local or exceptional circum- stances, and where impassable barriers to diffusion exist.
In my opinion, therefore, before a variety can be considered as suffi- ciently distinct to entitle it to rank as a separate species, its distinguish- ing character must be constant, not connected by intermediate stages
72 CRITICAL NOTES.
with any other species, and be either accompanied by one or more minor differences, or else the single difference must be so considerable in amount as to be capable of being accurately defined in words and easily recognised by the eye.
The abundance and wide dispersion of individuals is not a very safe guide, for these may be affected by causes beyond our powers to recognise, or it may be impossible to ascertain which is the newly-developed form and which the old; so that if a new variety was gradually exterminating the older species, the parent might run the risk of being called a variety of its offspring.
When, however, the distribution is taken in connection with rarity, it may sometimes help us to ascertain the true position of rare examples shewing a similar deviation from the commoner form, the constancy of which deviation cannot be readily ascertained. |
The numbers before each species refer to those in the Catalogue of the Native Birds.
12. Anthornis Auriocula.
The type specimen of this species is in the Colonial Museum, and, after a careful examination, I can find nothing to distinguish it from A. melano- cephala. The second quill feather of the wing is acutely pointed, which proves that it is immature ; and, although the young of melanocephala has not yet been described, there is no reason to suppose that it would differ in any way from the present bird. Both are of the same size, and both come from the Chatham Islands, and the difference, if any, in the color of the iris cannot be taken as sufficient to establish a specific distinction,
17. Xenicus Haastit.
T have seen both the specimens of this bird on which Mr. Buller constituted his new species. They answer exactly to Pelzeln’s descrip- tion of his X. gilviventris, as quoted by Dr. Finsch (“Journal fiir Ornithologie,” July, 1870, p. 251). The black wing coverts, mentioned by Mr. Buller, are not characteristic, as they are found in all species of the genus,
24. Gerygone Assimilis. Mr. Buller distinguishes this species from G. flaviventris by its slightly larger size, and a difference in the nest and eggs. Mr. Potts has, however, made a series of nests from one without a porch to one in
~~
CRITICAL NOTES. 1?
which the porch is highly developed, and both he and I have found the spotted eggs, which are supposed to characterise assimilis, in nests with porches, which are supposed to characterise flaviventris, go that this dis- tinction falls altogether to the ground. I have not seen the types of this species, and they are not now in Mr, Buller’s collection, but the difference in size between assimilis, as given by Mr. Buller, and flaviven- tris, as given by Mr. Gray, if any, is so small that it can by no means be taken, by itself, as sufficient to constitute a new species. The following are the dimensions of the two :—
ys
Length. Wing. Tarsus, G. flaviventris ... 4:25 BAO ces CO) Cerrayale G. assimilis cee AO 2°12 ‘75 (Buller).
I believe that Mr. Buller himself now allows that this species cannot be maintained. The spider’s webs, “of loose texture and dull green color,” mentioned by Mr. Buller as used in building the nest, are fresh water alge.
27. CERTHIPARUS MACULICAUDUS.
Although a large number of skins of certhiparus have passed through my hands, I have not heen able to distinguish more than one species, which has always been considered to be C. Nove Zealandic, although it answers exactly to the description of maculicaudus, and has neither the white eyebrow, nor the rufous forehead which Nove Zealandic is said to possess. If, therefore, there should prove to be two distinct species, the names will have to be changed, and maculicaudus applied to the common brown creeper.
28. PETROICA MACROCHPHALA,
In the second volume of “ Dieffenbach’s New Zealand,” Mr. Gray describes P. Dieffenbachit as smaller than macrocephala, and with the yellow on the chest darker ; but of the two species that are found in the South Island, it is the larger one that has the darker color on the chest. It is, therefore, at present doubtful which of the two birds is the true macrocephala, but I hope shortly to receive specimens from the Chatham Islands, which will settle the point ; meanwhile I have thought it better to apply the name macrocephala to the larger species with the bright yellow breast.
32. PETROICA LONGIPES.
Mr. Gray makes P. longipes larger than albifrons, but the North Island bird is certainly the smaller. There is, evidently, some confusion among the names, as Mr. Gray, in his list in the ‘“ Ibis,” gives both the
74 CRITICAL NOTES.
Bay of Islands and Dusky Bay as localities for this species. There can, I think, be no doubt but that the North Island bird is the true longipes, especially as Dr. Finsch has lately identified a specimen from the South Island with albifrons.
37. RHIPIDURA MOTACILLOIDES.
Mr. Buller informs me that he obtained the skin of this bird in Auckland, but that he is doubtful as to its true locality. The late Mr. W. Swainson also told him that he thought he had seen the bird at the Hutt, near Wellington, and considered it distinct from his laticauda. The specimen answers well to the description of motacilloides by Vigors and Horsfield in the “ Linn. Trans.,” vol. 15, p. 248, but it is rather larger. On the other hand, it is about the same size as Leucocirca laticauda, Swains. (“ Nat. Lib.” vol. 10, p. 130), but wants the white spots on the wing coverts, and has the throat varied with white. Mr. Gould’s description of motacilloides agrees with laticauda, but he gives no dimensions. Probably our specimen is a young bird killed in Australia, and has no right to be included among the New Zealand birds, but I have thought it better to add a description, in case it should
be again met with.
39, RHIPIDURA TRISTIS.
T have seen no description of this bird, but, as we only know of one species of black Fantail in New Zealand, I have called it éristis, on the authority of Dr. Finsch. The white spot over the eye is occasionally absent. Can this be the winter plumage ?
40. COLLURICINCLA CONCINNA.
The only known specimen of this bird was shot at Motueka, and the skin is now in the Nelson Museum. There can be no doubt as to the locality, for Mr. Huddleston informs me that he saw the bird in the flesh, and knows the tree upon which it was shot. In general coloration it bears a great resemblance to Lanius excubitor. I will here mention that a specimen of Brachyurus strepitans Temm. is in the Nelson Museum, and was labelled as coming from Suburban North, Nelson ; but as Mr. Natrass, the Curator, informed me that he knew nothing about it, and that it was in the Museum before he came there, I suspect that the skin came from Australia, and I have not, therefore, included it
in my catalogue.
=~] Or
CRITICAL NOTES.
42. Glaucopis Olwascens.
As this bird is found all over the North Island, in company with G. Wilsoni, there can, I think, be little doubt but that it is either the female or the young of that species. Dr. Hector informs me that when in confinement the wattle of this bird undergoes remarkable variations, the exterior margin sometimes assuming a decided yellowish tinge, and again changing back into blue. This he believes to depend upon the health of the bird.
44. APLONIS CALEDONICUS.
I think that this bird might very safely be omitted from our list, but I have retained it in order that a description may be circulated through the country before finally dismissing it.
45. CREADION CINEREUS.
The beautiful series of specimens of this bird in the Canterbury Museum, which shew intermediate grades of plumage between ciereus and carun- culatus, has convinced me that both are but one species. Mr. Buchanan informs me that he has seen cinereus in Otago in the summer, and last August I myself saw four birds in this plumage near Collingwood, busily engaged in tearing the bark of trees, and feeding on the insects under- neath. C’. cinereus cannot, therefore, be a seasonal state of plumage of carunculatus, but must be the young. The rarity of this bird in the North Island will, I think, account for cinereus only having been seen in the South, and I believe that Mr. Buller is also of the same opinion.
56. CARPOPHAGA NOVA ZEALANDIZ,
No one at present appears to have noticed the Pigeon, called Carpo- phaga spadicea leucophea by Hombron and Jacquimot, and which they thus describe : “ Back and wing coverts, undulated with rufous ; head, occiput, cheeks, and back of neck, grey, marked with paler; quills and tail, sooty grey, the latter tipped with white ; under parts of throat and breast, brownish grey, traversed with grey more or less pure ; belly, and under tail coverts, all white.” Myr. G. Gray thinks that this bird may be the young of our common Wood Pigeon, but this is quite uncertain, as the young Pigeon is not yet known, and I have reproduced the description here in the hope that some one will be able to clear up the mystery.
61. APTERYX MAXIMA.
When in Collingwood, a few months ago, I obtained from Dr. Turnell,
the Resident Magistrate, the tarsus and foot of what I believe to be the
76 CRITICAL NOTES.
largest Kiwi yet procured. It was caught in 1868, by a party of diggers, near the sources of the Aorere River, during the time of the “ Bergoo” rush. The bird, which was, of course, eaten, was described by the captors as having been as large as a turkey, and to have weighed nearly 14lbs. Whatever truth there may be in this, it is evident that the bird must have been a remarkable one, or the diggers would never have thought, during the excitement of a new rush, of keeping the legs and taking them to the Resident Magistrate at Collingwood. The length of the tarsus is 3in., circumference 1:85in. ; inner toe and claw, 2-4in. ; middle toe and claw, 3:25in. ; outer toe and claw, 2:25in. ; hind toe and claw, lin. The feathers of this bird are not known. Possibly it may have been a specimen of A. australis, but I am inclined to think it is of the same species as the two large spotted Kiwis in the Canterbury Museum, which I have referred to A. maaima, because they live on the mountains, above the regions of the forest, and because Dr. Haast informs me that as soon as the Maoris saw them they called them the Roa-roa. 67. STREPSILAS INTERPRES.
A specimen of this bird has been sent to the Colonial Museum by Dr. Haast. It does not appear to be uncommon in the South Island, for there are several other specimens in the Canterbury Museum. All are in the winter or autumn plumage.
80. HIMANTOPUS MELAS.
T cannot agree with Dr. Finsch that this bird is the summer plumage of H. Nove Zealandic, for last August I saw it on the sea shore at Collingwood. Neither do I think that one is the immature plumage of the other, for Mr. Fuller, of Christchurch, has proved that the young of melas, soon after hatching, has the plumage, as described in the catalogue, and a specimen in the Colonial Museum shews, that they keep their plumage until they are nearly full grown. But Mr. Potts has a skin of a young Himantopus, which is smaller than the one in the Colonial Museum, and yet has the head and neck white, and the lower abdomen black. This bird I believe to be the young of Nove Zealandie. I have seen birds in this plumage in the Waikato in March. There can, however, be no doubt but that mature specimens of melas are met with having the throat white, and, occasionally, a few white feathers on other parts of the body, but these may be albino varieties, or, possibly, hybrids, as suggested by Mr. Blyth, in his notes on Jerdon’s Birds of India, (‘“ Ibis,” 1865, p. 35.)
CRITICAL NOTES. 77
81. TRINGA CANUTUS.
A few months ago Mr. Buller sent a specimen of this bird, which he had shot near Wanganui, to the Colonial Museum for determination. I also found several examples in the Canterbury Museum, and two specimens in the Otago Museum, which were obtained by Dr. Hector, and exhibited in the New Zealand Exhibition at Dunedin in 1865, so that it appears to be tolerably common in the South Island. All the specimens are in the winter plumage.
83. GALLINAGO PUSILLA.
In its colors this bird very much resembles the figure of G. Srick- landi, Gray, in the “Voyage of the ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror,’” pl. 33, of which there is no description, nor locality, given. It, however, appears to be smaller, and to have a much shorter bill than Stricklandz.
s9. Rallus Featherstoni.
This bird differs from European examples of O. crex, only in having the rufous and white bands on the thighs brighter in color, and more sharply defined. Its title to rank as a New Zealand bird is, therefore, very doubtful ; but, as Mr. Buller has taken the specimen to England with him for comparison, this point will, I hope, be settled.
95. DENDROCYGNA EYTONTI |
Last May, when at the Thames Gold Fields, I had the pleasure of inspecting, in a bucket of water, the decaying remains of a specimen of this bird. Jt had been shot up the river some time previously, and nothing then remained but the back, one wing, the tail, part of the abdomen, and one foot and leg. I was also informed that the bill was black, with red bands. I secured the leg and foot, as well as some of the red and black feathers from the flank. A few days ago a specimen of this duck was received from Otago; it differs in no respect from Australian examples.
107. LESTRIS PARASITICUS.
This bird was shot by Mr. Buller, near Wanganui, and sent to me for identification. Although only in immature plumage, and with the central tail feathers scarcely projecting beyond the others, I have very little hesitation in referring it to parasiticus; no doubt identical with L. spinicauda, Bp., which is not uncommon at the Cape of Good
Hope. N
78 CRITICAL NOTES.
110. LARUS BULLERI.
The bird which Dr. Finsch has described in the “ Journal fiir Orni- thologie,” Sept. 1870, p. 361, is not L. melanorhynchus of Buller, as he supposed, but L. Jamesont of my catalogue, which is easily distinguished by the broad dark band near the tips of the secondaries.
L. melanorhynchus, Buller, therefore, cannot be the same as L. Pomare, Bruch, but is a good species. As, however, the name selected by Mr. Buller has already been appropriated to a species of Larus by Temminck, a new one for this bird becomes necessary, and I have called it after Mr. Buller, who first described it, and who is doing so much for New Zealand ornithology. It appears to frequent inland lakes only, and not to come to the sea.
lll. LARUS JAMESONI.
Whether the bird that I have described in my catalogue under this name is the true Jamesoni of Wilson and Bonaparte, or whether it is L. Pomare, Bruch, 1 must leave for Dr. Finsch to determine, as we have not the original descriptions out here. It is the same bird as that described as the young of L. scopulinus, in the Zoology of the “ Voyage of the ‘Erebus’ and ‘Terror ;'” but this is certainly a mistake, as the young of scopulinus is similar in its colors to the adult, while Jamesone has brown feathers on the wings at all ages. In the Colonial Museum there is a gull from Australia, labelled Z. Jameson, that answers exactly to the description of scopulinus juv., in the “ Voyage of the
‘ Erebus’ and ‘ Terror,’ ”
so that this species (Jamesonz) is found both in New Zealand and Australia. Here it is not nearly so common as scopu- linus, except at Kaikoura Bay, where it is the commonest gull. The bird described by Gould, in his Hand-book of the Birds of Australia, as Jamesoni, is the scopulinus of my catalogue, which has the alular feathers white, while in my Jamesont they are always more or less marked with black. The amount of white on the tips of the primaries varies very much, from nothing to large elongated spots. I am not aware whether this is owing to season or age, or whether it is mere variability, but a series of specimens of this species, which I have been promised, will, I hope, settle the question.
116. HYDROCHELIDON LEUCOPTERA.
This interesting addition to our fauna was shot by Mr. D. Monro in the Wairau Valley, Province of Marlborough, in 1868, but was not identified until a few months ago. I notice that it has also lately been obtained in Northern Australia.
CRITICAL NOTES. 79
121. DIOMEDEA CULMINATA. A specimen of this bird is in the Canterbury Museum. It is in the
immature plumage, with the head and neck grey.
125 PROCELLARIA GAVIA.
This bird has not, up to the present, been identified with any known petrel ; but Dr. Coues and other authors have all agreed in referring it to the genus sitrelata, and in placing it next to P. Cookt. That this is an error, and that the bird is really identical with Puffinus opistholemas, Coues, I think I shall be able to show.
The following is Forster’s description, as quoted by Dr. Coues: P. supra cerulescente-nigra, subtus candida, palato et lingua villis defleais, pedibus pallide fuscus, * * corpus magnitudine circiter, P. vittate. Habitat at Gstuarium Regina Charlotte, gregaria. Expanse of wings, 26in. ; bill, 1Jm. (Gray says 2 to the gape), tail 24in. and tibiee 1?in.
The locality, Queen Charlotte’s Sound, and the gregarious habit, are quite enough to shew that the bird does not belong to the genus Wstrelata, which is composed of the wildest and most solitary of petrels, that rarely even approach a ship, and never enter a sound or harbour. The only gregarious petrels belong to the genera Daption, Prion, Puffinus, and Halodroma. That Forster’s bird could belong either to the first or the last, is, of course, out of the question, and all the Prions have the upper surface delicate ash blue, and by no means bluish black. We are, there-. fore, compelled to fall back upon Puffinus, which alone answers all the requirements of color and habit ; and as we have in New Zealand only one bi-colored species of Puffinus (P. opisthomelas), which also is not uncommon in Queen Charlotte’s Sound, there is every reason to suppose that this must be the bird meant by Forster, and when we compare
the measurements of the two, that supposition becomes, I think, a cer-
tainty. Expanse. Bill. Tail. Tarsus. Tibia. Procellaria gavia DU toa oe 2° lie Puffinus opisthemelas 26 ... 1:75 ... 2:75-3:25 ... 15 ... 2°25
The only material discrepancy is in the length of the tibia, and here, I think some mistake must have been made, and tibia substituted for twrsus ; for I know of no petrel, of the size indicated by an expanse of 26 inches, that has so short a tibia. I may also mention that in the genus Zstrelata the tarsi are too short, and the tail is too long, to answer
to Forster’s description.
80 CRITICAL NOTES.
127. PUFFINUS TRISTIS.
This is also one of Forster’s birds that has not hitherto been identi- fied, but it answers in all respects to P. amawrosoma, Coues. It is true that Forster’s bird was obtained at the Auckland Islands, and that we have not as yet got specimens from that locality ; but as the bird is exceedingly abundant at Stewart’s Island, there is little doubt but that it will be found on the Auckland Islands also.
128. Procellaria Aiquinoctialis.
This bird has been admitted into our lists on the authority of Mr. Ellmann, (“ Zoologist,” 1861, p. 7,473), and on a-supposed specimen in the Otago Museum. (List of Birds of Otago, New Zealand Exhibi- tion, 1865. ‘Juror’s Reports and Awards,” p. 278, No. 63.) The bird, however, in the Otago Museum, I found to be Prion Buanksii, and I think Mr. Ellman must have been mistaken in his identification. Of the native names given by Mr. Ellman, the first, ‘“ O1i,” is the mutton bird of the north, which is certainly a species of Pufinus. The second, “Takupu,” I do not know; but I feel sure that the Maoris would not give a separate name to a bird which, at any rate, is very rare on the coast, (for | have never yet seen it), and which is so very much like three others (P. Parkinson, P. Gouldi, and P. atlantica), all of which are common. I have, therefore, omitted it from the list.
137. PROCELLARIA GOULDI.
I am informed by Mr. Kirk that this bird breeds in holes on a little island called Kitakita, near the Kawau, and that when attacked by dogs fights hard for its life, often tearing open their noses with its sharp curved bill, and in this respect differing remarkably from P. Parkinsoni, which we found on the Little Barrier Island to surrender at discretion, without any fighting.
139. Prion Ariel.
A regular sequence of the Prions can be formed from P. vittatus to P. ariel, and, therefore, I do not think it desirable to retain more than three specific names, to mark each end, and the centre of the chain, and ariel, as the latest will have to be omitted. On the New Zealand coast, the intermediate form, P. Banksii, is much the most common.
146. DYSPORUS SHERRATOR.
T can see no sufficient difference between this bird and D. capensis, Licht. from the Cape of Good Hope, to warrant them being kept distinct.
CRITICAL NOTES. Sl]
147. GRACULUS CARBO.
I was formerly of opinion that our bird was distinct from G. carbo of Europe ; as, after living for two years in the Waikato, where they are common, I had never seen one with any white feathers on the head and neck ; but, having since then visited the South Island, where birds with white feathers in their heads are more common, and, having com- pared many New Zealand, specimens with one from Australia, in the Colonial Museum, and with another from Scotland, in the Nelson Museum, I am convinced that they cannot be separated.
151. GRACULUS SULCIROSTRIS.
I have not, as yet, seen any specimens of this bird. Those labelled as G. stictocephalus, in the Otago Museum, are only G. punctatus, in the winter plumage; and the specimen called G. sulcirostris, in the collection purchased from Mr. Buller, is nothing but the young of G. brevirostris.
156. APTENODYTES PENNANTII.
This bird appears to have been admitted into our list on the suppo- sition that it was the “ King Penguin” mentioned by Mr. Ellman in the “ Zoologist” for 1861. There can, however, be very little doubt but that Mr. Ellman meant Ludyptes pachyrhynchus, which is commonly called “King Penguin” in the Colony. At any rate, no specimens of the bird are in existence, and I should have omitted it from my catalogue but that Mr. Buller states that it is found here (Trans. N. Z. Inst.,” 1870, p. 14); and, I therefore presume that he has some evidence on the subject which he has not yet made public.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA ACCORDING TO THE MODERN SYSTEM.
In the foregoing catalogue it has been thought best to adhere to the system of Mr. G. R. Gray, in his ‘Genera of Birds,” as that has been the plan of all former lists ; but, as a more modern arrangement must, before long, be adopted, the following synopsis is added, to familiarize
students with the one most’ generally used :-—
Order I.—ACCIPITRES.
Falconide.—Hieracidea, Circus. Strigide —Athene.
Order I].—PSITTACI, Stringopide, —Stringops. Platycercide.—Platycercus, T'richoglossidw, —Nestor.
Order IiJ.—PICARI A.
Alcedinide,—Haleyon. Upupidw.—Heteralocha. Cuculide.—Kudynamis, Chrysococcyx.
Order IV.—PASSERES.
Menuride.—Orthonyx, Certhiparus. Meliphagide.—Zosterops, Anthochera, Pogonornis, Prosthemadera, An- thornis. Hirundinide.—Hirundo. Laniide.—Colluricincla. Muscicapide.—Rhipidura. T'urdide .—Keropia. Sylviade.—Gerygone, Petroica. Motacillide.—Anthus. Certhiide.—Acanthositta, Xenicus. Maluride—Sphenceacus. Sturnide.—Aplonis, Creadion. Corvide.—Glaucopis.
Order V.—COLUMBs. Columbide.—Carpophaga.
Order VI.—GALLIN A. Tetraonide.—Coturnix.
Order VII.—GRALL4E.
Rallide.—Ocydromus, Rallus, Ortygometra, Notornis, Porphyrio. Scolopacide.—Tringa, Gallinago, Limosa, Recurvirostra, Himantopus. Charadriide.—Charadrius, 'Thinornis, Anarhynchus, Strepsilas, Haematopus. Ardeide.—Ardea, Nycticorax.
Order VIII.—ANSERES.
Anatide.—Casarca, Anas, Querquedula, Rhynchaspis, Nyroca, Fuligula, Dendrecygna, Hymenolaimus.
Laride.—Lestris, Larus, Sterna, Hydrochelidon, Anous.
Procellaride —Diomedea, Ossifraga, Halodroma, Pufiinus, Procellaria, Prion,
Thalassidroma.
Pelecanide.—Dysporus, Graculus, Tachypetes.
Ptilopteri.—Aptenodytes, Kudyptes, Eudyptula.
Podicepide. —Podiceps.
Order [X.—STRUTHION ES.
Dinornithide.—Dinornis, Palapteryx, Cnemiornis. A pterygide. —Apteryx.
ENGLISH AND MAORI NAMES.
Albatross . Australian Mainah Australian eee Avocet Bell-bird . Bittern
;, Lattle Black-bird Brush-turkey Bullfinch Bunting, Cirl
ae Reed
es Yellow Canary
> Native Cape Barren Goose Cape Cardinal Cape Hen Cape Pigeon Chaffinch Cormorant Creeper :
» Brown Crook-bill : Crow, Blue-wattled
» Orange-wattled
Cuckoo, Long-tailed a Shining Curlew Dabchick Dotterel Dove, Ring : »» Queensland 5) turtle Duck, Blue sab) JOrey, », Mountain » Paradise . » Whistling
White-winged
eae tail, Black
a Pied Frigate-bird Gannet :
» Red-legged Godwit :
DN’ pe
TO THE
Goldfinch .
Grass-bird
Grebe :
Gull, Black-backed », Black-billed », Brown-winged », Mackerel
Skua
Harrier
Hakoakoa
Hawk, Quail » Sparrow.
Heron, Blue
3 | Naght
Jackdaw Kahu Kaiaia Kaka Kaka-iki Kakapo Karakahia Karoro
Kingfisher Kiwi, Brown 5, Grey », Great
Knot Koekoea Koitareki . Kokako Koreke Korimoko Korora Kotare Kotuku Kuaka Kuku Kukuruatu Lark, Ground » Meadow
50,
53,
84
INDEX TO THE
PAGE Lark, Sky : 63 Poaka Laughing Jackass yeas 45, 38 Pohowera . Laughing Owl ‘ Popokatea Linnet, Brown . ui Pukeko
” Grey », Green » Mountain Magpie, Australian Mainah Mallard Matata Matuku ‘ Matukuhurepo Miro-miro Mocker Mohopereru Moko-moko Molly-mawk More-pork Mutton Bird Nelly Ngirungiru Noddy On... Oyster-catcher, Black . 53 Pied Papango 5 Parera : Paroquet, Crimson -top es Grass. oe Yellow-top . Parrot, Brown i Ground » Mountain Parson Bird Pateke Partridge, Barbary a Grey. Penguin, Blue a Crested 33 Great - Little . Petrel, Black i Brown «. . Diving », Grey-faced ss SBOLILY’ ©. : »» White-headed ° Pheasant, Chinese ms English Pigeon, Bronze-wing » Green » Harlequin Bronze-wing », Wood ; », | Wonga-wonga . Pihoihoi : Piopio Pipi-u-waroa Piwakawaka Plover, Crook-bill », Golden - »» Red-breasted 1 opand :
61 Putangitangi . 60 Quail, Australian
61 », Californian 57 », Little Australian 55 » Native 68 », Tasmanian 9 Rail, Blue
ya | »» Spotted
28 »» striped
12 Rain-bird .
6 Red-bill
32 Red-pole . ° 6 Red-winged Starling
44 Rifleman .
2 ~=sCORiro-riro
45 Roa-roa .
44 Robin, Red-breast 12 », Wood 43 Rook
45 ~ Ruri
26 ~—s- Sad dle- hack 5 26 Scarlet Tanager 38 Sea-hen A 36 Sea Swallow
19 Shag, Black
63 » Frilled
19 », Pied 19 5» Spotted
18 », White-throated
20 Shearwater ; 5 Shoveller
36 ~=Shrike Thrush
66 Snipe
66 Sparrow, Chestnut 53 e- Diamond 53 oa House 53 “ Java
54 3 Nutmeg 47 a Tree
46 Starling
45 Red-winged 47 Stilt Plover, Black 49 Pied
46 Stitch Bird
. 66 Swallow
65 Swamp-hen 64 Swan, Black
65 >», White
64 Takapu
21 Tara
65 ‘Tarapunga :
13. Tauhou 3 14. Tawaki
21 Teal, Black 14 »> Little
Diy say wed
24 ‘Tern, Caspian 24 », Common 25 », Little
Tern, White-winged Tete Nee Thrush, Native .
a one:
Tit, Pied .
», Yellow-breasted Titi Titi-ponamu Tiwakawaka Toa-nui Toetoe Torea Toroa Totokipio Totowai Tui Turnstone Tuturiwhata
ENGLISH AND MAORI NAMES.
PAGE
Twite Warbler Wax-eye . Weka Wekau Wet Bird Whale Bird Whio Whisker White-eye White-head White-throat Wood-hen Wren, Green
se) Rock
», Stripe-faced Yellow-hammer Yellow-head
ee ed ‘ 4 ae hiinsart Ba Bae Wey 24 ih Sy
rises we az WEG rh by : aa” ) os
; a PEW ey f r
Re ae PAWN dai aL Rey OAS sae
Wi)
MS es
CIS
— eld s
cay? OE. ls is 7 am
fi Ve
_ ftp Ae fad 7 is ; (oo Oe
> ive
oe Al ee aa fs Wy : ys “sa a NE See : A Soe -
: Ps a : ae (i ee ag (e x oa ae ; ie.
PN gs < Oo ee hala, Jw ie *) iy a al ed ee ee ey ye
u/ a)
esac
hanes) ne |
9
PAW :
a ; 7 na Tf P 4 , ae Le ae
+. iv
b ’ a ar
re eel i BERG) x
hi ie if